重毒性铅污染土壤清洁高效修复研究进展

Research progress in cleaning and efficient remediation of heavy,toxic,lead-contaminated soil

在介绍了铅元素污染背景、现状与危害的基础上,对土壤中铅的来源、赋存形式及其提取方法进行了详细介绍.结合土壤修复技术研究现状,对三大修复方法如物理、化学及生物修复法进行了系统综述,并从效率、适用性、经济性等方面评估了3种修复方法的优势与劣势,发现化学修复最适合重毒性铅污染治理.随之对化学淋洗法和固定化/稳定法作了详细介绍,探讨并评价了不同种类淋洗剂和固化剂的修复机制、修复效果、适用性和应用前景等.最后对未来重毒性铅污染土壤清洁高效修复提出了展望,修复方法应尽量减少对土壤的破坏;对高铅污染土壤来说联合修复技术的发展是土壤修复富有潜力的发展方向;应当尽可能地确定铅污染土壤修复机制,实现定向修复;同时应加强多功能复合材料的研发.

With the rapid development of industrialization and human civilization,the soil polluted by heavy,toxic lead is becoming increasingly severe worldwide.Thus,it is imperative to control soil pollution due to lead.In this paper,the background,status,and harm of lead-polluted soil were introduced,and the source,mode of occurrence,and extraction of lead from the soil were depicted in detail.Based on the current soil remediation technology,three major methods,namely,physical,chemical,and bioremediation,have been systematically reviewed,and their advantages and disadvantages from the aspects of efficiency,applicability,and economy were evaluated and compared.Results reveal that the most preferred remediation method for heavy,toxic,lead-contaminated soil is chemical remediation.The chemical leaching and immobilization/stabilization methods were subsequently introduced in detail,and the remediation mechanism,effect,applicability,and application prospect of the different types of eluants and curing agents were evaluated and discussed.Finally,the prospect of cleaning and efficient remediation of heavy,toxic,lead-contaminated soil was presented.The restoration should minimize the damage to the soil.For the heavy,lead-contaminated soil,the development of the joint remediation technology is the potential development direction.The mechanism of soil remediation and directional remediation should be determined as soon as possible.Meanwhile,the research and development of multifunctional composite materials should be strengthened.