论数据交易的立法倾斜性

On the Inclination of Legislationon Data Trading

深化推动数据的“要素级别”流通和利用,难点在于数据交易立法是否可行,它涉及数据权属界定、数据资产定位、隐私保护体系等元问题。以促进为主兼及规制,基于这一倾斜性视角,数据交易立法被建立在“不完全契约”的理论基础上,就可以从数据权益、行为控制、个人数据与信息分离等方面,寻找到数据交易问题在立法上的共识。在此基础上,立法对数据流通利用的驱动模式不是简单的直接数据交易,而是先行探索数据授权经营模式。其中,公共数据的授权经营应当采取原则免费、例外收费的做法,保留政府获得必要的数据处理工作成本报酬的权力。此外,交易中的数据安全立法条款必不可少,但可以采取合规附条件的责任豁免方式,最大限度地保障数据交易目标的实现。

The difficulty in further promoting the circulation and utilization of data"at the level of factor"lies in the feasibility of legislation on data trading,which involves mega-issues such as the determination of data ownership,orientation of data assets and the system on privacy protection.If a perspective of promotion as the main inclination and regulation also being included is adopted and legislation on data transaction is based on the theory of"incomplete contract",the greatest common divisor on issues over data transaction in terms of legislation can be found from data rights and interests,behavior control,separation between personal data and information and so on.On such basis,the motivating mode for the circulation and utilization of data through legislation is not simply the direct data transaction,but the one of data franchising to be explored.The franchising of public data should be free of charge in principle and not free of charge exceptionally,and the government should reserve the right of obtaining necessary costs and remuneration for data processing work.In addition,legal provisions on data security during the trade are indispensable,but a mode of immunity for liability contingent on compliance can be adopted to maximally protect the realization of the goal of data trading.