数字经济时代数据流通利用的数权激励

Data Right Incentives for Data Circulation and Utilization in the Era of Digital Economy

数据是数字经济时代的核心生产要素,数据只有流通利用才能产生更高的附加值。现实中还存在"沉睡数据""数据垄断"等现象,数据权属及数据激励机制是数据流通的关键。数据激励劳动成本论、知识产权保护激励理论、数据新型财产权理论等观点之间存在争议。我国司法实践中多依据《中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法》以保护竞争权之主张,解决数权纠纷力有未逮,凸显确权激励数据流通利用之必要性。《深圳经济特区数据条例》是在我国率先确立数据权益的地方立法。"政府数据权力+企业数据权益+个人数据权利"的"三维配置"结构模式,可以实现保护国家数据安全和维护数据市场秩序、激励企业流通利用数据,为个人带来数据在市场流通利用中产生的红利。

Data is one of core factors of production in the era of digital economy and can produce higher added value only upon its circulation and utilization. However, in reality, there are still some phenomena such as "sleeping data" and "data monopoly". Data ownership and its incentive mechanisms are the key to data circulation, but regarding the data incentive, there are still controversies among the theory of labor cost, the theory of intellectual property protection, and the theory of new property rights. In the judicial practice of China, the proposition of protecting competition rights is mostly based on the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of PRC, thus there are deficiencies in resolving data right disputes, highlighting the necessity of affirming rights to encourage data circulation and utilization. The Regulations of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone on Data is the first local legislation to establish data rights in China. The "three-dimensional layout" structural model of "governmental data power + corporate data rights + personal data rights" can protect national data security, maintain data market order, encourage enterprises to circulate and utilize data, and bring benefits generated through data circulation and utilization in the market to individuals.