艾纳香不同提取物GC-MS分析及其抑菌活性

Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Blumea balsamifera Extracts

【目的】研究艾纳香不同提取物的化学成分以及对口腔厌氧菌的体外抑菌活性,为艾纳香提取物的开发利用提供科学依据。【方法】采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析了3种艾纳香提取物艾纳香油、艾粉和艾片的化学成分,并采用管碟法、微量肉汤稀释法和琼脂培养基平板法测定3种提取物对4株常见口腔厌氧菌株变形链球菌(Streptococcus mutans)、具核梭杆菌(Fusobacterium nucleatum)、牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis)和中间普氏菌(Prevotella intermedia)的敏感度、最低抑菌浓度(Minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(Minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC)。【结果】从艾纳香油、艾粉和艾片中分别鉴别出56、19和8种化合物,艾纳香油中化学组分相对艾粉和艾片更为复杂。3种提取物仅含有左旋龙脑1个共有成分,左旋龙脑相对含量分别为13.36%、81.40%和76.07%。体外抑菌试验中艾纳香油、艾粉、艾片对变形链球菌、具核梭杆菌、中间普氏菌均有一定的药敏活性,表现出了中度敏感,3种提取物对牙龈卟啉单胞菌无明显的药敏作用。3种提取物对4种口腔厌氧菌表现出不同程度的抑制作用,MIC为8.34-100 mg·mL^(-1),其中艾纳香油的抑菌效果最强(MIC、MBC分别为8.34-16.68、33.35-133.4 mg·mL^(-1)),艾粉和艾片的抑菌效果并无明显差异。艾粉和艾片对牙龈卟啉单胞菌、艾粉对变形链球菌、艾片对中间普氏菌的MBC值均>200 mg·mL^(-1),杀菌效果均不理想。【结论】艾纳香中不同提取物艾纳香油、艾粉和艾片对多种口腔厌氧菌均具有体外抑菌活性,尤其是对具核梭杆菌抑制作用最强,其中艾纳香油对口腔厌氧菌的抑制作用最强。

【Objective】 Chemical compositions and in vitro antibacterial activity of a variety of extracts from Blumea balsamifera(L.) DC were studied. 【Method】 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was used to analyze the chemical compositions of B. blsamifera extracts in the forms of oil, powder, and camphor. Sensitivity, minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC), and minimal bactericidal concentration(MBC) against the common oral anaerobes, i.e., Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia, of the products were determined by means of the cup plate, micro-broth dilution, and agar culture medium plate methods. 【Result】 There were 56 compounds identified from the oil, 19 from the power, and 8 from the camphor product. Chemically, the oil was significantly more complex than the other two, and only l-borneol was commonly found among them. The relative content of l-borneol in the oilwas 13.36%, 81.40% in the powder, and 76.07% in the camphor. All 3 products exhibited varying degrees of moderate sensitivity to S. mutans, F. nucleatum, and P. intermedia, but not at all to P. gingivalis, on the in vitro antibacterial tests. They also showed varying inhibitory effects on the oral anaerobic bacteria with MICs ranging from 8.34 to 100 mg·mL^(-1). Among them, the oil had the highest MICs ranging 8.34–16.68 mg·mL^(-1)and MBCs 33.35–133.4 mg·mL^(-1), but no significant difference between the powder and the camphor. In addition, since the MBCs of the powder and the camphor to P. gingivalis, the powder to S. mutans, and the camphor to P. intermedia were all greater than 200 mg·mL^(-1), the bactericidal efficacies of the powder and the camphor were not considered highly desirable in comparison to the oil. 【Conclusion】 The various forms of B. blsamifera extracts displayed in vitro antibacterial activities against some common oral anaerobic bacteria, especially on F. nucleatum by the oil.