文化与人的互为主体性关系研究--马尔库什关于文化概念的历史语义学阐释

A Study of the Mutual Subjectivity of Culture and Man--Markush on the historical semantics of the concept of culture

随着科学与技术的进步,技术理性主义文化在蓬勃发展的同时,也给人类带来了前所未有的挑战。现代文化日益冲击并消解着人的历史主体性,成为统治人的异己力量。虽然西方马克思主义学者已经从不同的文化视角对现代文化进行了批判研究,但是在众多文化批判视角中并没有一个集中的文化批判对象,致使各个文化批判理论之间呈现出散乱甚至矛盾的状态。而马尔库什则是从文化的四重维度进行文化概念的历史语义学阐释,以此为我们提供了一个相对统一的文化概念,也为文化批判理论提供了一个相对完整的批判对象。马尔库什对文化四重维度的溯源分析不仅重新阐释了复杂多变的文化概念,而且厘清了文化与人的双重主体性关系,对技术理性主义文化进行了一定程度的拓展与修正,为现代文化批判理论的构建提供了新的前进思路和方向。

With the advancement of science and technology,techno-rationalist culture has flourished while bringing unprecedented challenges to mankind.Modern culture is increasingly impacting and dissolving the historical subjectivity of human beings and becoming a dissident force that rules them.Although Western Marxist scholars have conducted critical studies of modern culture from different cultural perspectives,there is no centralized object of cultural criticism,resulting in a scattered and even contradictory state among the various cultural critical theories.Markus,on the other hand,interprets the historical semantics of cultural concepts from the four dimensions of culture,thus providing us with a relatively unified cultural concept and a relatively complete critical object for cultural criticism theory.His retrospective analysis of the four dimensions of culture not only reinterprets the complex and changeable concept of culture but also clarifies the dual subjectivity relations between culture and human beings.Thus,it expands and revises techno-rationalist culture to a certain extent,providing new ideas and directions for the construction of the modern critical theory of culture.