对阿多诺“否定辩证法”理论性质的总体性审视

A General Survey of the Theoretical Nature Of Adorno's"Negative Dialectics"

基于马克思辩证法对阿多诺“否定辩证法”理论性质的审视,存在着两种完全不同的路径。知性反思的观点执著于外在性与碎片化的对比分析,致力于探寻马克思辩证法与阿多诺“否定辩证法”的相似处和相悖点,并据此呈现阿多诺“否定辩证法”思想的理论贡献和理论局限,在这种研究路径中,阿多诺辩证法的总体性质却消失不见了。只有从辩证法的总体性观点出发,直面阿多诺面置身其中的垄断资本主义社会出现的新情况以及由此生成的阿多诺的理论总问题,才能恰当地看待“否定辩证法”的理论贡献、理论局限及其内在关联,才能把阿多诺的“否定辩证法”看作一个完整的理论总体,并据此呈现其总体性质。这时我们就会发现,通常理解的阿多诺“否定辩证法”的局限性也许恰恰就是它的思想创新之所在。

There are two completely different approaches in the examination of the theoretical nature of Adorno's"Negative Dialectics"based on Marx's dialectics.The viewpoint of intellectual reflection insists on the comparative analysis of externality and fragmentation and is committed to exploring the similarities and contradictions between Marx's dialectics and Adorno's negative dialectics so as to present the theoretical contributions and limitations of Adorno's negative dialectics.However,the overall nature of Adorno's dialectics in this approach has disappeared.In order to properly treat the theoretical contribution,the limitation and its internal connection of negation dialectics,we have to examine Adorno's negative dialectics from the overall point of view of dialectics,put ourselves in the new situation that Adorno faces in the monopoly capitalist society,and consider the resulting general problems of his theory.Only then can Adorno's negative dialectics be regarded as a complete theoretical totality and present its overall nature accordingly.We will also discover the limitations of Adorno's negative dialectics as commonly understood,and this is precisely where its ideological innovation lies.