美国一流高校新入职教师教学岗前培训体系建设及其启示

Novice Teacher Training System Construction and Its Enlightenment in America’s First-class Universities

高校教师的教学能力是影响高校的教育教学水平和人才培养质量的关键,教学岗前培训则是对新入职教师的教学能力、水平和技能提升的重要举措。美国一流高校通过理论与实践研究,形成了一套完善的教学岗前培训体系:在教学培训内容上,塑造教育理念文化认同、构建教学理论知识体系与指导职业生涯发展规划,充分满足新入职教师适应职业和发展需求;在教学培训实施上,打造互动式的培训形式、体验式的培训活动以及持续性的培训模式,从而激发新入职教师寻求教学发展的内在动力;在教学培训支持体系上,以“经验主义”为导向的能力提升、协同多部门参与管理服务与规范的教学能力评估和认证制度,自上而下保障教学培训科学有序地开展。借鉴美国高校的教学岗前培训经验,我国高校新入职教师教学岗前培训应建立起“以实践为导向”的教学培训内容、“以学习者为中心”的教学培训形式以及促进“教师专业发展”的培训评估机制。

The teaching ability of university teachers is the key to affect the teaching level and talent training quality,and the pre-service training is an important measure to improve the teaching abilityand skills of novice teachers.Through theoretical and practical research,the first-class universities in the United States have formed a perfect pre-service training system:the content of teaching training shapes the cultural identity of educational concepts,constructs a theoretical system of teaching,and guides career development plans to fully meet the needs of novice teachers to adapt themselves to their careers;in the implementation of teaching training,interactive training forms,experiential training activitiesand continuous training modes are created to stimulate them to seek the internal motivation of teaching development;the teaching and training supportive system is guided by“empiricism”ability improvement,coordination of multi-department participation in management services and standardized teaching ability evaluation and certification system,from top to bottom to ensure the scientific and orderly development of teaching and training.Drawing lessons from the teaching pre-job training experience of American universities,the teaching pre-post training of new teachers in Chinese universities should establish a practice-oriented training content,a learner-centered training form,and an evaluation mechanism that promotes teacherprofessional development.