中西部地方大学一流学科建设:内涵、价值、困境与策略

First-class Disciplines Construction of Local Universities in Central and Western China:Connotation,Values,Dilemma and Strategies

学科是一种知识体系的组织逻辑,是大学的承载体。建设一流学科是推进大学功能发挥、促进师生发展、优化学术生态、促进大学卓越化的有力抓手,对于推动我国经济社会高质量发展、促进中华民族伟大复兴和坚定文化自信具有重大意义。与部属大学和东部地方大学相比,中西部地方大学在一流学科建设中面临更严峻的形势,存在一流人才吸引力低、建设经费有限、学科发展机制滞后、决策囿于短期利益、学术生态系统失衡突出等困境。中西部地方大学建设一流学科必须基于一流学科建设的基本规律,坚持“一流标准”“以人为本”“差异化”“相对优势”“效益与公平兼顾”“制度保障”“学习创新”“渐进落实”等原则,结合区域需求与学校实际,探索适合自己的道路。可采取如下策略:多元差异建设目标、注重一流的管理制度与教学科研团队建构、优化学术生态系统、大力开拓多元经费渠道、合理平衡各学科发展需求以及在学科建设中坚持创新性。

Discipline is a kind of organizational logic of knowledge system and the carrier of university.Constructing first-class disciplines is a powerful way to materialize the function of universities,the development of teachers and students,the optimization of academic ecologyand the excellence of universities.It is of great significance to the high-quality development of China’s economy and society,the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,and consolidate the cultural confidence.Compared with affiliated universities and eastern local universities,local universities in central and western regions are facing a more severe situation in the construction of first-class disciplines,such as low attraction of first-class talents,limited construction funds,lagging discipline development mechanism,decision-making limited to short-term interests,and outstanding imbalance of academic ecosystem.First-class local university construction in central and western China must be based on the basic law of first-class discipline construction,adhere to the“first-class standard”,“people-oriented”,“differentiation”,“relative advantages”,“benefit and fairness”,“system guarantee”,“learning innovation”and“gradual implementation”principles,combining with regional demand and actual school,explore suitable for their own road.The following strategies can be adopted:multiple difference construction objectives,pay attention to the construction of first-class management system and teaching and research team construction,optimize the academic ecosystem,vigorously explore diversified funding channels,reasonably balance the development needs of various disciplines,and adhere to innovation in the discipline construction.