祖语水平保持的影响因素研究——以在日华裔青少年为例

A Study on the Influential Factors of Heritage Language Proficiency Maintenance——A Case of ChineseTeenagers in Japan

在有关语言保持影响因素的研究中,多关注外在环境的影响,对学习者个体动机因素关注较少;多关注第二语言学习者,对祖语学习者关注较少。本文研究了日本中文作为祖语学习者的11类动机与其中文水平的关系发现:(1)动机因素能解释中文水平34%的方差,效应量大;(2)除了"工具动机"外的10类动机均是中文水平的显著相关因素;(3)显著预测因素是"融合动机""焦虑""自我效能""家人附属",其他因素多与这四者显著相关;(4)家庭有关动机确实是中文水平重要且显著的影响因素,中文作为祖语保持动机体系除了语言、学习者、学习情景这三个层面外,还应加上家庭层面。据此,提出了对中文作为祖语保持的建议和对国际中文教育工作的启示。

Most of the research on the influential factors of language maintenance focus more on the influence of the external environment than on the factors of learners’individual motivation.More attention is paid to the second language learners than to the heritage language learners.This paper studies the relationship between 11 types of motivation and the Chinese language level of Chinese students in Japan.The results show that:(1)Motivation factors can explain 34% of the variance of Chinese language level,and the effect size is large;(2)The 10 types of motivation,except“instrumental motivation”,are significantly related to Chinese language competence;(3)The most significant predictive factors are“integration motivation”“anxiety”“self-efficacy”and“family attachment”.Other factors are significantly correlated with these four factors;(4)Family-related motivation is indeed an important and prominent factor affecting Chinese competence.In addition to the three aspects of language,learner and learning situation,the aspect of family should also be added to the motivation maintenance system of Chinese as a heritage language.Based on these findings,this paper puts forward some suggestions on the maintenance of Chinese as the heritage language and its enlightenment to international Chinese education.