宜昌地区5021例0~14岁儿童血清过敏原检测结果分析

Analysis of Serum Allergen Detection Results of 5021 Children Aged 0 to 14 Years in Yichang Area

目的:回顾性分析宜昌地区5021例0~14岁儿童过敏原分布特点,为儿童过敏性疾病的防治提供依据。方法:选取2016年5月-2020年11月在我院就诊的过敏性疾病或疑似过敏性疾病0~14岁儿童5021例,采用免疫荧光法检测血清过敏原总IgE抗体及19种特异性过敏原IgE(sIgE)。从性别、年龄、季节及不同种类过敏性疾病对检测结果进行分析。结果:5021例儿童血清过敏原总IgE阳性率为64.23%,男童总IgE及19种sIgE阳性率均高于女童,除鸡蛋白外,余18种sIgE阳性率差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。sIgE阳性率排名前三的分别是屋尘混合(45.91%)、食物混合(45.27%)和粉尘螨(38.48%)。不同年龄组间除了狗毛屑和小麦,其余sIgE阳性率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。四个季节的粉尘螨阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。过敏性疾病人数最多的是过敏性鼻炎、荨麻疹和湿疹,尘螨是过敏性疾病相关性最高的过敏原。结论:不同性别、年龄、季节的血清过敏原检测阳性率有差异,户尘螨、粉尘螨、牛奶和鸡蛋是宜昌地区0~14岁儿童最重要的过敏原。

Objective:To analyze the distribution characteristics of children aged 0 to 14 years in Yichang area retrospectively,so as to provide basis for the treatment and prevention of children’s allergic diseases.Methods:A total of 5021 cases of allergic diseases or suspected allergic diseases were selected in our hospital from May 2016 to November 2020.The immunofluorescence method was used to detect serum allergen total immunoglobulin E(IgE)antibodies and 19 specific allergen IgE(sIgE).The results were analyzed by gender,age,season and different kinds of allergic diseases.Results:The positive rate of total allergen IgE in 5021 children was 64.23%,and the positive rates of total IgE and 19 kinds of sIgE in boys were higher than those in girls,with statistical significance except egg white(all P<0.05).The top three positive rates of sIgE were house dust mixture(45.91%),food mixture(45.27%)and dust mite(38.48%).The positive rate of sIgE among different age groups were different,except for dog dander and wheat(all P<0.05).The positive rate of dust mite was different among four seasons(P<0.001).The largest number of allergic diseases were allergic rhinitis,urticaria and eczema.Dust mite was the most associated allergen of allergic diseases.Conclusion:The positive rates of serum allergens vary in different genders,ages and seasons.House dust mites,dust mites,milk and eggs are the most important allergens for children aged 0~14 in Yichang area.