上海103名居民饮食结构分析

Analysis of Diet Structure of 103 Residents in Shanghai

目的了解上海地区居民食物摄入现状与特点,为优化上海居民的膳食结构提供理论依据。方法本研究采用滚雪球抽样方法,研究对象为上海地区18岁及以上的常住居民,以微信小程序为平台,进行了为期7 d的膳食调查,并收集食物名称和照片。结果在日常膳食中,摄入频次最高的主食是米饭(26.3%),菜肴前3位分别为蔬菜类(36.7%)、畜肉类及其制品(15.5%)和水产类(11.6%)。部分食物组摄食频次在性别和年龄层间的分布存在差异,其中61岁及以上人群食用馒头类(P=0.029)和粥类主食(P=0.01)的频率均高于18~40岁人群;且女性食用坚果类食物的频率高于男性(P=0.002)。结论103名上海居民饮食结构特点为主食以稻米类为主,选择较为多样;菜肴中蔬菜类频次居首,动物性食物次之;餐时饮品则有早餐喝奶,正餐用汤的特点。

Objective To investigate the current status and characteristics of food intake of residents in Shanghai,and provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the dietary structure of residents in Shanghai.Methods The snowball sampling method was adopted,and permanent residents aged 18 and above in the Shanghai area were selected as the research subjects.A 7-day diet survey was conducted on a web platform of We Chat applet,and food names and photos were collected.Results In the daily diet,the staple food with the highest intake frequency was rice(26.3%),and the top three dishes were vegetables(36.7%),livestock meat and its products(15.5%)and aquatic products(11.6%).There were differences in the distribution of the frequency of eating in some food groups between different gender and age.The frequency of people aged 61 and over eating steamed bread(P=0.029)and staple food of porridge was higher than that of people aged 18~40(P=0.01).Women eat nuts more frequently than men(P=0.002).Conclusion The staple food of 103 residents in Shanghai is mainly rice,with a variety of choices.Vegetables are the most frequent in dishes,followed by animal foods.Meal drinks have the characteristics of drinking milk for breakfast and soup for dinner.