不同改良措施对碱化土壤特性及玉米生长的影响

Effects of Different Improvement Measures on Alkaline Soil Characteristics and Maize Growth

2018年在西辽河平原灌区碱化土壤实施玉米秸秆还田基础上配施中农绿康腐熟剂和人元秸秆腐熟剂、混沙和混糠醛渣试验,测定春玉米产量、玉米根系特性及土壤速效养分和酶活性,研究不同改良措施对碱化土壤特性及玉米生长的影响。结果表明,与盐碱地常规掺混沙子处理比较,在玉米秸秆还田基础上,配施中农绿康和人元秸秆腐熟剂处理均能显著提高玉米根干重,增加37.41%和31.94%,增强根系SOD和POD活性,降低根系MDA含量,增加硝态氮含量118.42%和93.60%;配施中农绿康秸秆腐熟剂和掺混糠醛渣显著增加吐丝期土壤碱解氮含量,分别增加21.32%和39.18%;配施人元秸秆腐熟剂显著增加完熟期土壤速效磷含量,增加121.89%;配施中农绿康秸秆腐熟剂增加完熟期土壤铵态氮171.28%;配施中农绿康秸秆腐熟剂显著提高土壤纤维素酶活性;配施中农绿康秸秆腐熟剂显著增加玉米产量17.65%。因此,碱化土壤玉米秸秆还田配施中农绿康秸秆腐熟剂效果较好。

In 2018,the experiment of returning maize straw to the field combined with Zhongnonglvkang and Renyuan straw decomposing agent,mixed sand and mixed furfural residue was carried out in the alkaline soil of the irrigation area of the West Liaohe plain.The yield,root characteristics,soil available nutrients and enzyme activities of spring maize were measured by conventional test methods,and the effects of different improvement measures on alkaline soil characteristics and maize growth were studied.The results showed that compared with the conventional mixed sand treatment,maize straw returning combined with Zhongnonglvkang and Renyuan straw decomposing agent could significantly increase the dry weight of maize roots,increase 37.41%and 31.94%,enhance the activi⁃ties of SOD and POD,reduce the content of MDA in roots,and increase the content of nitrate nitrogen by 118.42%and 93.60%.The application of Zhongnonglvkang straw decomposing agent and mixed furfural residue significantly increased the content of available nitrogen in soil at silking stage,by 21.32%and 39.18%respectively.The applica⁃tion of Renyuan straw decomposing agent significantly increased the content of soil available phosphorus at the ma⁃turing stage,by 121.89%.The application of Zhongnonglvkang straw compost increased soil ammonium nitrogen by 171.28%,significantly improved soil cellulase activity and significantly increased maize yield by 17.65%.There⁃fore,maize straw returning to the field in alkaline soil combined with Zhongnonglvkang straw decomposing agent had better effect.