突发公共卫生事件中的政府责任探讨——以防控新冠病毒肺炎疫情为例

Discussion on Government Responsibility in Public Health Emergencies——Taking Prevention and Control of New Coronavirus Pneumonia as an Example

作为公共责任的主要承担者,政府在应对突发公共卫生事件时应承担政治责任、法律责任、经济责任与道德责任,切实维护公众的生命健康权、及时向公众通报疫情发展与相关防疫信息以及维护社会秩序与促进经济发展,并保障应急物资的充足供应。我国政府在应对突发公共卫生事件时存在诸多不足,涉及政策规定缺乏实操性、基层部门缺乏自主管理权与突发应急人员分布并不均衡、应急物资储备能力较为薄弱、疾控预防控制中心地位未获得足够重视等方面。需在加强科研攻坚投入,完善信息披露机制以及科学设置确诊标准、准确研判疫情态势的前提下,努力健全现有应急保障体系、保障应急物资充足供应,同时完善重大疫情防控体制机制,畅通疫情的早期报告机制,以及增强疫情防控的国际合作力度,有效创新国际联防联控机制。

As the main undertaker of public responsibility, the government should bear the political responsibility, legal responsibility, economic responsibility and moral responsibility in response to public health emergencies, effectively safeguard the public’s right to life and health, timely inform the public of the epidemic development and related epidemic prevention information, maintain social order and promote economic development, and ensure the adequate supply of emergency materials. At present, there are many deficiencies in our government’s response to public health emergencies, including the lack of practical policies and regulations, the lack of independent management power of grass-roots departments, the uneven distribution of emergency personnel, the weak emergency material reserve capacity, and the insufficient attention to the status of disease control and prevention center. Therefore, under the premise of strengthening the investment in scientific research, improving the information disclosure mechanism, scientifically setting the diagnosis standard and accurately studying the epidemic situation, efforts should be made to improve the existing emergency support system, ensure the sufficient supply of emergency materials, improve the system and mechanism of major epidemic prevention and control, unblock the early reporting mechanism of epidemic situation, and enhance the international cooperation of epidemic prevention and control, so as to effectively create New international joint defense and control mechanism.