“乐业”与“安居”:乡村人才振兴的动力机制研究——基于陕西省元村的个案分析

“Happy Work” and “Live in Peace”: A Study on the Dynamic Mechanism of Talent Vitalization——Based on the Case Study of Yuan Village in Shaanxi Province

人才振兴是乡村振兴的核心要素,吸引人才回流是人才振兴的关键环节。本文基于"安居乐业"和"乐业安居"两种不同的人口流动类型,以陕西省元村人才回流实践为个案,分析乡村人才振兴的动力机制。研究发现,元村的人才回流实践主要经历了"城归精英"返乡、关系型扩展和制度化吸纳三个阶段。"城归精英"在返乡创业过程中,先利用社会关系培育村庄产业,再通过职业关系发展村庄产业,进而通过壮大产业规模,吸引更多技能型和管理型人才返乡参与乡村建设。"城归精英"在乡村人才振兴中扮演着重要角色,"城归精英"的回流不仅带来了乡村人力资本的回流,也带来了乡村经济资本和社会资本的回流,更重要的是促进了乡村人口主体性的回归。"乐业"是实现"安居"的前提,"安居"是实现"乐业"的保障,乡村人才回流必须与乡村产业形成良性互动和有机融合,以产业发展促进劳动力回流,同时以劳动力回流带动产业发展,方能实现"引得来、留得住"的人才振兴目标。

Talent vitalization is the core element of rural vitalization,and attracting talent return is the key link of talent vitalization.This paper distinguishes two different patterns of population mobility:“live and work in peace and contentment”and“live in peace and contentment”.Taking the practice of talent return in Yuan village of Shaanxi Province as an example,this paper analyzes the dynamic mechanism of rural talent vitalization.The results show that the practice of talent return in Yuan village mainly includes three stages:the return of“the elite”from the city,relational expansion and institutional absorption.In the process of returning home and entrepreneurship,the“elite”of urban return firstly uses social relations to cultivate village industry,develops village industry through professional relationships,and then attracts more skilled and managerial talents to return home by expanding the industrial scale participating in rural construction;The“urban return”elites play a key role in the vitalization of rural talents,and the return of the elites not only bring back the rural human capitals,but also bring about the return of rural economic capital and social capital,more importantly,which promotes the return of rural population subjectivity;“Happy career”is the premise to realize“comfortable residence”,while“comfortable residence”is the guarantee to realize“happy career”.In order to achieve the goal of“attracting and retaining”talents,it is necessary to form positive interaction and organic integration with rural industry,to promote labor return by industrial transfer and industrial development by labor return.