秘术与乡村社会底线秩序的构建——以湖南省李村为例

Occult Sciences and the Construction of the Bottom-line Order of Rural Society——Taking Li Village in Hunan Province as an Example

传统时期,在秩序匮乏的湖南乡村社会,以点穴、药功为代表的秘术发育成为一种私力救济的手段。秘术及秘术恐惧共同形成一种非正式的社会控制机制,使乡村社会摆脱一切人反对一切人的自然状态,实现人与人之间的"恐怖平衡",构建了乡村社会的底线秩序。新中国成立以来,国家权力逐渐成为乡村秩序建设的主导力量,正式的社会控制机制逐渐建立,国家提供了充足的公力救济手段,秘术及秘术恐惧失去社会基础而逐渐消失。这一过程也导致乡村社会中不同年龄阶段的村民对待秘术迥然不同的态度。

Occult sciences such as Acupuncture and Yao Gong have become a means of private remedy in the rural society of Hunan that lacks order.The occult science and the fear of the occult science together form an informal social control mechanism,which forced rural society to get rid of the natural state of everyone opposing everyone,realized the“terrorist balance”between people,and constructed the bottom-line order of rural society.Since the founding of the People s Republic of China,state power has gradually become the dominant force in the construction of rural social order.Formal social control mechanisms have gradually been established.The state has provided sufficient public relief means.The occult science and the fear of the occult science have lost the social foundation and gradually disappear.This process has also led to different attitudes towards occult sciences among villagers of different ages in rural society.