社会排斥、控制信念与青少年余暇体育锻炼:交叉滞后分析

Social Exclusion,Control Beliefs and Adolescents’Leisure Physical Exercise:A Cross-Lagged Analysis

目的:运用交叉滞后研究设计,考察社会排斥、控制信念与青少年余暇体育锻炼的内在关联。方法:采用青少年社会排斥量表、青少年控制信念量表、余暇体育锻炼量表,对上海市964名青少年[45.12%男生,年龄为(14.863±2.331)岁]进行为期12周、两阶段的追踪问卷调查。结果:对于青少年,社会排斥、控制信念的性别差异不显著,但余暇体育锻炼(活动量、参与形式和参与内容)的性别差异显著,其中,男性各指标均高于女性;社会排斥、活动量、参与内容的学段差异不显著,而控制信念和参与形式的学段差异显著,其中,高中生的控制信念强于初中生,而参与形式得分低于初中生;社会排斥与青少年余暇体育锻炼具有跨时间稳定负相关,而与控制信念具有跨时间稳定正相关;交叉滞后分析显示,社会排斥可能通过控制信念的完全中介作用而间接影响青少年余暇体育锻炼的活动量,可能通过控制信念的部分中介作用而间接影响余暇体育锻炼参与形式和参与内容,社会排斥、控制信念对余暇体育锻炼交叉滞后效应的性别差异不显著。结论:青少年余暇体育锻炼活动量、参与形式和参与内容存在性别差异;控制信念和参与形式存在学段差异;社会排斥、控制信念与余暇体育锻炼存在因果关系,其中,社会排斥是消极原因变量,控制信念是积极原因变量,余暇体育锻炼是结果变量;在社会排斥与青少年余暇体育锻炼的影响机制中,控制信念可能是一个中介变量,且该交叉滞后效应具有性别一致性。

Objective:The paper used the cross-lagged research design to explore the causal rela-tionship between the social exclusion,control beliefs and leisure physical exercise for adoles-cent.Methods:Using the ostracism experience scale for adolescents,the control belief scale for adolescents,and the leisure physical exercise questionnaire,this paper made a twelve-week,two-stage follow-up investigation on 964 adolescents from Shanghai[45.12%boys;M±SD=(14.863±2.331)years].Results:The gender difference in adolescents’social exclusion and control beliefs is not significant,while,the gender difference in their leisure physical exercise such as activity volume,participation form and content is significant(male is better than female).Furthermore,for adolescent,the learning phase difference in social exclusion,activity volume and participation content is not significant,while,the learning phase difference in con-trol beliefs and participation form is significant(compared with junior high school student,high school student have stronger control beliefs,but lower in participation form score).There is a trans-temporal-stable significant negative correlation between adolescents’social exclusion and leisure physical exercise,and their control beliefs and leisure physical exercise have a trans-tem-poralstable significant positive correlation.The crosslagged analysis revealed that,for adolescents’leisure physical exercise,social exclusion might indirectly affect the activity volume by full mediating effect of control beliefs,and it might indirectly affect the participation form and content by partial mediation effect of control beliefs.Furthermore,the gender differences in these effects are not significant.Conclusions:There are differences such as gender in adolescents’leisure physical exercise(activity volume,participation form and content),and learning phase difference in control beliefs and participation form.For adolescent,there is a causal relationship between social exclusion,control beliefs and leisure physical exercise.Among them,the social exclusion might be a negative cause variable,the control beliefs might be a positive cause variable,while the leisure physical exercise might be the result variable.Moreover,this cross-lagged relationship has the characteristics of gender consistency.