幼儿身体成分纵向发育特征

Body Composition Longitudinal Development Characteristics of Preschoolers

目的:基于加速追踪设计,对幼儿身体成分进行分析,了解幼儿身体成分纵向发育特征。方法:选取3.5、4.0、4.5、5.0岁幼儿共346人,使用生物电阻抗法以6个月为间隔对其身体成分进行3次追踪测试,采用多层线性模型将3次身体测试数据拟合以得到幼儿身体成分的纵向发育规律。结果:体质量、身体质量指数、脂肪、瘦体质量和体内水含量均随年龄呈线性增长,每年体质量约增长2.71 kg、身体质量指数约增长0.25 kg/m2、脂肪增长0.46 kg、瘦体质量约增长2.24 kg、体内水含量增长1.61 kg(P<0.05)。身体成分含量与性别有关:3.5岁时,男童和女童体质量、身体质量指数无差异,但男童增长速率显著高于女童(P<0.05);女童脂肪含量高于男童(P<0.05),男童增长速率高于女童,但二者无显著差异(P>0.05);男童瘦体质量高于女童(P<0.05),二者发育速率无显著差异(P>0.05);体内水含量呈现男高女低的特点(P<0.05)。结论:幼儿身体成分各指标随年龄增长均呈线性增长的趋势,且出现性别差异。

Objective:Based on the accelerated longitudinal design,analyze the preschoolers’body composition to analyzes the longitudinal development characteristics of their body composition.Methods:A total of 346 children aged 3.5,4.0,4.5 and 5.0 were selected,and their body composition was tested by bio-impedance analysis for a period of 1 year for each 6 months.A Hierarchical Liner Modeling was used.Fit the three physical test data to obtain the longitudinal development rules of preschoolers’body composition.Results:Body weight,body mass index,fat,fat free mass and water all increased linearly with age,body weight increased by 2.71 kg per year,body mass index increased slowly at a rate of 0.25 kg/m2 per year,and fat increased at a rate of 0.46 kg per year,the body weight increased by 2.24 kg per year,and the water content in the body increased at a rate of 1.61 kg per year(P<0.05).Body composition is related to gender:At 3.5 years old,there was no difference in body weight and body mass index between boys and girls,but the growth rate of boys was significantly higher than girls(P<0.05);the fat of girls was higher than boys(P<0.05),the fat growth rate of boys was higher than girls,but there was no significant difference between them(P>0.05).The fat free mass of boys was higher than girls(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the development rate between the two groups(P>0.05).The boys’water content in the body was higher than girls(P<0.05).Conclusions:With the increase of age,the indicators of body composition of children have a linear growth trend,and gender differences have appeared in this period.