新兴科技伦理治理的问题及其对策

Ethical Governance of Emerging Science and Technology:Issues and strategies

近年来,人工智能、大数据、合成生物学等新兴技术的迅猛发展引发了一系列的伦理争议,使传统科技治理模式因缺乏科技伦理的维度而难以应对,这就需要在科技治理中增加科技伦理的维度,由此形成了科技伦理治理的新概念,即以治理推动科技伦理和以伦理保障科技治理。本文以此为理论出发点,剖析当前科技伦理治理过程中存在的治理对象不明确、治理原则不统一、治理意识不强、治理机制不完善等实际问题。与之对应,从明确科技伦理治理的对象、凝练科技伦理治理的核心思想、提升科技伦理治理的意识、完善科技伦理治理的机制四个方面提出应对措施。

In recent years,the rapid development of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence,big data,synthetic biology and blockchain has lead to a series of ethical controversies.While traditional methods of scientific and technological governance lack the ethical dimensions to answer those controversies,which requires the addition of ethical dimension in science and technology governance in order to respond to these ethical controversies.Therefore,a new concept of ethical governance of emerging science and technology has been put forward,that is,the combination of promoting ethics of science and technology by governance and guaranteeing scientific and technological governance by ethics.As this a starting theoretical point,we analyzed the following practical issues exist in the current ethical governance of emerging science and technology,that is,the governance object is unclear,the governance principle is disunified,the governance consciousness is lacking,the governance mechanism is incomplete.Regarding to this issues,strategies can be put forward from four aspects:clarifying the object of ethical governance of science and technology,extracting the key ideas of ethical governance of science and technology,enhancing the awareness of ethical governance of science and technology,and improving the mechanism of ethical governance of science and technology.