战斗机翼型使用和发展综述

An overview of the development of fighter airfoils

机翼是实现战斗机飞行性能最主要的部件,翼型是组成机翼的基本元素。要发展跨代优势的战斗机,在其所用翼型设计上需要创新和突破。本文在回顾第一代到第四代战斗机气动布局特点基础上,总结了每一代战斗机气动布局所用机翼翼型的设计特点及发展变化趋势。从战斗机跨代发展来看,其所用翼型设计从起初仅注重单一飞行性能点需求逐渐发展到兼顾考虑多目标多学科的设计需求。新一代战斗机将具备宽频隐身、大航程、高机动等能力需求,本文提出超扁平无尾气动布局是最可能采用的气动布局形式。对于新一代战斗机的发展,亟需发展具有综合优良性能的新一代翼型。本文从多个角度分析了新一代翼型的设计需求,未来翼型将更加注重气动、隐身、控制、结构、智能材料和变体技术等多学科多目标的综合设计优化,保证战斗机具备更优越的飞行品质和作战性能指标。

Wing is the most important part to realize the aerodynamic performance of fighters.And the airfoil is the basic element of wings.Innovation and breakthrough are absolutely necessary in the airfoil design of next-generation fighters.Based on the review of aerodynamic characteristics of fighters from the first to the fourth generation,this paper summarizes the design characteristics and development trend of airfoils for fighters.According to the requirement development of the next-generation fighters,the airfoil design has gradually developed from focusing only on single aerodynamic requirement to multi-objective and multi-disciplinary design.Broadband stealth,long range,and high maneuver are required by future fighter aircrafts which are very likely to adopt the ultra-flat tailless aerodynamic layout.This paper analyzes the design requirements of a new generation airfoil from several aspects.The future development of airfoils will pay more attention to the comprehensive design optimization of aerodynamic,stealth,control,structure,intelligent material,and morphing technology,so as to ensure that the fighter platform has better flight quality and combat performance to meet the development requirements of the next-generation fighter aircrafts.