人工湿地植物的抗寒性研究进展

Research Advances on Plant Cold Resistance in Constructed Wetlands

湿地植物是人工湿地的重要组成部分。在寒冷的冬季,植物进入休眠期甚至枯萎死亡,从而使人工湿地净化效率大大降低,故而提高湿地植物的抗寒性对冬季湿地功能发挥具有重要意义。介绍了湿地植物在人工湿地中的作用,主要包括传输氧气、吸收净化污染物质、增强水力输送和化感作用等;分析了目前人工湿地研究的热点,阐述低温对植物膜系统、抗氧化系统、渗透调节和光合系统的损伤机理;梳理了现有的关于提高湿地植物抗寒性的研究方法,包括天然植物的抗寒性筛选、诱变育种、化学法等。建议加强湿地植物抗寒性提高及其机理方面的研究,可尝试采用物理诱导法和化学诱导法联合诱变育种和在分子水平对抗寒功能基因、抗寒功能蛋白进行调控,进一步提高湿地植物抗寒性。

Wetland plants are an important component of constructed wetlands.However,in winter,plants go dormant or wither and die,consequently affecting the ecological role and purification efficiency of constructed wetlands.Therefore,it is important to increase the cold resistance of plants in constructed wetlands.In this paper,we first introduce the role of wetland plants in constructed wetlands,serving im⁃portant functions such as absorbing and degrading pollutants,producing oxygen,enhancing hydraulic transmission capacity and beautifying the environment.We also present the mechanisms of plant dam⁃age,including the plant membrane,antioxidant system,osmotic balance and photosynthesis.Current re⁃search directions on plant cold resistance in constructed wetlands are then summarized using software analysis.Finally,we recommend that future research focus on improving plant resistance to cold at the molecular level,including the regulation of cold-resistance genes and production of proteins that counter⁃act cold stress,such as antifreeze proteins(AFP).