不同品种罗勒精油的成分及其功效概况

Overview of Composition and Efficacy of Different Basil Essential Oils

罗勒(basil,Ocimum basilum L.)为唇形科罗勒属的药食同源植物,其种类繁多,分布于热带和温带地区。罗勒全株富含精油,罗勒精油(basil essential oil,BEO)广泛应用于医疗、食品、日化等行业。本文在分析总结BEO的主要成分组成的基础上,对BEO在抑菌、抗炎、抗氧化、促渗透等方面的作用机制进行了详细阐述。各品种BEO含有的主要成分包括:蒿脑、芳樟醇、甲基丁香酚、丁香酚、肉桂酸甲酯和1,8-桉叶素。BEO的抑菌机制在于破坏细胞膜结构;抗炎机制在于抑制化学介质受体;抗氧化机制在于BEO中有效成分贡献氢原子,捕获氧原子,减少自由基的生成;促渗透机制在于可直接作用于皮肤,增加药物向角质层的分配。以期为市场开发各类重要的单体化合物成分提供理论依据,同时对全面认识和开发利用罗勒资源奠定基础,并为BEO在化妆品中的应用提供理论依据。

Basil(Ocimum basilum L.)is a medicinal and edible homologous plant of the genus Ocimum basilum L.with a wide variety of species,mainly distributed in tropical and temperate regions.The whole basil plant is rich in essential oils,and basil essential oil(BEO)is widely used in medical,food,daily chemicals and other industries.The main components in each variety of BEO include:artemether,linalool,methyl eugenol,eugenol,methyl cinnamate,and 1,8-cineole.The antibacterial mechanism of BEO lies in destroying the cell membrane structure.The anti-inflammatory mechanism lies in inhibiting chemical mediator receptors.The antioxidant mechanism lies in that the active components in BEO donate hydrogen atoms,capture oxygen atoms,and reduce the generation of free radicals.And the penetration promoting mechanism lies in that it can directly act on the skin and increase the distribution of drugs to the stratum corneum.Based on the analysis and summary of the main components in BEO,the mechanism of antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidation,and penetration promotion of BEO was elaborated,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the market development of various important monomer components,at the same time lay the foundation for a comprehensive understanding and development and utilization of basil resources,and provide a theoretical basis for the application of BEO in cosmetics.