学前儿童抑制气质与分享行为的关系:情绪理解的调节作用

The Relationship between Behavioral Inhibition and Sharing Behavior in Preschoolers:The Moderating Effect of Emotion Understanding

本研究探讨了学前儿童抑制气质与分享行为的关系及情绪理解在其中的作用。研究一(N=94)考察抑制气质对儿童分享行为的影响及一般情绪理解在其中的作用。研究二(N=86)考察分享情绪理解(分享情境中对接受者的情绪理解)对抑制气质儿童分享行为的作用。结果发现:抑制气质与分享行为存在显著负相关。一般情绪理解和分享情绪理解均对气质和分享行为的关系有调节作用。仅在情绪理解较弱的儿童中,抑制气质与分享行为呈显著负相关。

Behavioral inhibition(BI)has been considered as a precursor of children’s low in prosocial behavior.However,little is known about the relation between BI and sharing,a typical prosocial behavior that plays a crucial role in children’s social development.Meanwhile,emotion understanding(EU)also plays an important role in the development of prosocial behavior,Children equipped with better EU are more likely to display prosocial behavior.Thus,the current research explored the relation between BI and sharing behavior and the potential moderate effect of EU.In Study 1,94 preschoolers aged 4 to 5 years completed the indicator game for sharing behavior and the Test of Emotion Comprehension for General EU,and their parents completed the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire for BI.In study 2,we explored the effect of EU for recipients in the situation of sharing on relation between BI and sharing behavior among 86 preschoolers aged 4 to 5 years.Results showed that BI was negatively correlated with preschoolers’sharing behavior.Neither General EU nor EU for recipients in sharing situations was correlated with sharing behavior.However,both of them moderated the relation between BI and sharing behavior.Specifically,for children with worse General EU or less clearly differentiation of recipient’s emotional states between sharing and non-sharing events,the higher BI they had,the less they shared with others.The current research found the relation between BI and sharing behavior and the moderating role of EU,suggesting that for highly inhibited children,it is necessary to cultivate their EU to promote their sharing behavior.