基于水质及生物多样性的污染评价方法探讨——以长江口南支水域为例

Study on pollution assessment methods for South Branch of Changjiang River estuary based on water quality and biodiversity

利用水质综合污染指数、生物多样性指数分析了2020年长江口南支水域春季和秋季的污染情况,并对各分析方法进行评价。结果表明:长江口南支水域的污染等级为轻污染至严重污染,从上游至下游污染程度逐渐下降。水质综合污染指数评价结果为轻污染至严重污染,浮游植物多样性指数评价结果为轻中污染至重污染,浮游动物多样性指数评价结果为轻度污染至重污染。水质综合污染指数和浮游动物生物多样性指数的评价结果变化趋势大体一致。3种评价方法中浮游动物生物多样性指数评价结果相对适中,是相对较好的水体污染程度评价指标。

In this paper,we used the water comprehensive pollution index and biodiversity index(Shannon-Weiner index)to analyze the water pollution of the South Branch of the Changjiang River estuary in spring and autumn in 2020,and evaluated the results of each analysis method.The results indicated that the pollution level of the South Branch of the Changjiang River estuary were slight pollution to heavy pollution,and decreased from upstream to downstream.The results of water quality evaluated by water comprehensive pollution index were slight pollution and heavy pollution.The result of water quality evaluated by phytoplankton Shannon-Weiner index were slight-moderate pollution to heavy pollution.The result of water quality evaluated by zooplankton Shannon-Weiner index were slight pollution to heavy pollution.The variation trend of evaluation results of water comprehensive pollution index and zooplankton Shannon-Weiner index were generally consistent.Among these three methods,the evaluation results of the zooplankton Shannon-Weiner index was relatively moderate,which was a relatively good evaluation indicator for the degree of water pollution.