文本与数据挖掘著作权例外规则新探--重大突发事件中研究权保护之反思

Anewexploration of copyrightexception rules in Textand Data Mining:Reflectionon the protection of research right in majore mergencies

在新冠疫情等突发性重大紧急事件的研究中,文本与数据挖掘(TDM)可辅助科研人员迅速获取病例诊断、病毒研究、疫情发展态势预测与溯源等全球范围内的最新成果。然而,TDM适用中却存在复制权、演绎权、信息网络传播权等侵权风险,难以成立个人使用、六馆陈列或保存作品之需要复制作品、少量复制及不得出版发行等情形,具有著作权合理使用认定困境。基于生命健康权利益位阶高于著作财产权、多方主体利益平衡优化、提高科研资源利用效率等价值之考量,我国著作权法应当在合理使用制度框架内构建保障研究权的TDM规则,明确目的、适用主体与适用方式,从而完善重大疫情防控相关立法与配套制度,为我国公共卫生法治体系建设助力。

In the research of COVID-19 and other sudden emergencies,Text and Data Mining(TDM)can assist researchers to rapidly obtain the latest achievements in case diagnosis,virus research,epidemic situation prediction and traceability.However,in the application of TDM,there are some infringement risks,such as copy right,deduc⁃tion right and the right of information network dissemination,etc.It is difficult to meet the fair use of the copyright law,such as personal use,six kinds of museum display or preservation of the work to copy the work,a small amount of copying and can not be published or distributed.Based on the consideration that the benefit rank of life and health rights is higher than that of copyright and property rights,the balance and optimization of the interests of multiple subjects,and the improvement of the utilization efficiency of scientific research resources,China's copyright law should build TDM rules to protect research rights within the framework of fair use system,clarify the purpose,subject and mode of application,so as to improve the relevant legislation and supporting system of major epidemic prevention and control,and contribute to the construction of China's public health legal system.