乡村卓越教师:素质内涵、培养路径及制度激励

On the Quality Connotation, Training Path and Institutional Incentive for Excellent Rural Teachers

乡村卓越教师的素质内涵包括熟练胜任多学科教学的专业知识结构,“一专多能”的“山”型能力素质,热爱乡村、报效桑梓的师德情怀,研究乡村教育、开发校本课程的智慧策略,专业性与公共性相融通的人格气质,教育反思的专业精神,引领乡村教育文化改革的使命意识等。乡村卓越教师的培养是职前教育与职后培训一体化的结果,其职前教育的培养策略包括实施公费定向招生,模块课程选修制度,重视专业情意教育,强化教师技能训练、完善实践教学体系等。此外,乡村卓越教师的培养还需要显著提高乡村教师物质待遇,增强职业获得感;满足乡村教师的精神需求,增强职业成就感和幸福感;实施公费定向培养乡村教师教育硕士计划等政策支持和制度激励。

Cultivating excellent teachers has become the overall goal of normal education in the new era,and it is of special significance in rural areas.The quality characteristics of excellent teachers in rural areas include the structure of professional knowledge competent for multi-disciplinary teaching,the quality of“one specialty and multi-abilities”,the love for the countryside and serving their hometown,the wisdom strategy of rural education and school-based curriculum development,the personality temperament of combining professionalism with publicity,professional spirit of educational reflection,responsibility consciousness of leading the reform of rural education and culture,etc.The training of excellent teachers in rural areas is the result of the integration of pre-service education and post-service training.The training strategies of pre-service education include the implementation of public directional enrollment,the selective system of module courses,the emphasis on professional sentiment education,the strengthening of teacher skills training,and the improvement of practical teaching system.In addition,the training of outstanding teachers in rural areas also needs strong policy support and institutional incentives.For example,we should significantly improve the salary of rural teachers and enhance their sense of professional acquisition;we should meet the spiritual needs of rural teachers and enhance their sense of professional achievement and happiness;we should implement the public-funded directional training program for rural teachers’master of education.