由灵活性向确定性:公平原则在海洋划界领域的发展

From Flexibility to Certainty:The Development of Equity in Maritime Boundary Delimitation

从1985年利比亚/马耳他案开始,海洋划界中公平原则的发展趋势开始由灵活性向确定性转变。从两个方面分析这一转变:内容方面,最初的公平原则仅仅强调个案的特殊性而缺乏具体的内容,但是,通过对大陆架和专属经济区法律制度相关性的考察,以及司法判例的反复援引和适用,公平原则已经形成了普遍适用的内容,例如不侵占原则和比例因素;功能方面,公平原则最初发挥的是法律的填补功能,但是,随着等距离方法成为海洋划界的第一步,公平原则的功能也由此变成了矫正临时等距离线可能产生的不公平。

Since the 1985 Libya/Malta case,the developing trend of equity in maritime boundary delimitation has shifted from flexibility to certainty.This change is analyzed from two perspectives.In terms of content,the original equity relied on the unicum character of each case and lacked any specific content.However,through the investigation of legal system of continental shelf and EEZ as well as the constant application of jurisprudence,specific content of equity has been shaped today,such as the principle of non-encroachment and the factor of proportionality.In terms of function,equity initially played the role of filling in the lacuna of law.However,with the equidistance method becoming the first step,the role of equity has been turned into correcting the inequitable results produced by the provisional equidistance line.