百年间钢轨性能对比研究

Comparative Study on Rail Performance Over a Century

对百年间钢轨的化学成分及性能指标等进行试验研究,对比分析20世纪初期不同国家和不同时期我国钢轨的化学成分、力学性能、有害元素及非金属夹杂物等的变化。分析结果表明,20世纪初期,我国钢轨的力学性能与其他国家相比处于中等水平,有害元素S、P及非金属夹杂物控制稍差,与美国、英国存在差距;随着时间推移,我国钢轨的碳含量逐渐增加,强度及硬度逐渐提高;随着冶炼技术进步,有害元素及非金属夹杂物控制水平大幅提升。百年间,我国钢轨在向高强度、高洁净度的趋势发展。

An experimental study was carried out on the chemical composition and performance indicators of rails over a century,and a comparative analysis was made on the changes of chemical composition,mechanical properties,harmful elements and nonmetallic inclusions of rails in different countries in the early 20th century and in different periods of China.The results show that in the early 20th century,the mechanical properties of rails in China were at an intermediate level,compared with other countries,and there was slightly poor control of harmful elements S and P as well as nonmetallic inclusions,lagging behind the US and the UK;as time goes by,the carbon content,strength and hardness of rails in China were gradually increased;with the progress of smelting technology,the control of harmful elements and nonmetallic inclusions was greatly improved.Over a century,rails of high strength and high cleanliness had been gradually developed in China.