江西早:一个水稻品种的足迹

Jiangxizao(Jiangxi Early Rice):the Footprint of a Rice Variety

江西早,是明清以来外省对原产于江西的一个早稻品种的名称。江西早稻种植由来已久,品种江西早则是稻作农业发展和环境因素相互作用的产物。这个品种秉承了占城稻的主要特征,具有生育期短、成熟早,耐旱,适应性广等多种特征,使其在近千年的中国水稻种植中大放异彩,它不仅对江西粮食增产发挥了关键性的作用,而且通过移民、引种及推广等多种方式和途径对周边甚至更远省份的水稻生产产生了积极的影响,成为中国稻作史上值得书写的一笔。江西早的引种的范围主要包括安徽、浙江、江苏、湖南、湖北、四川、河南、福建、广东、广西、云南、贵州等省区。江西早所到之处,不仅仅品种本身的输入,同时也包括技术,甚至是农业生产和生活方式的引进。本文关注江西早的出现、特征、分布、传播途径及在各地的影响,并藉由此提出一个"技术综合体"的概念,为考察不同区域间农业交流提供一个视角。

Jiangxizao is the name of an early rice variety native to Jiangxi Province since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Early rice has been cultivated in Jiangxi for a long time,and the variety of Jiangxizao is a product of the interaction between the development of rice farming and environmental factors.This variety adheres to the main characteristics of Champa rice,including short fertility,early maturity,drought tolerance,and wide adaptability,which make it shine in the last thousand years or so for Chinese rice cultivation.It has not only played a key role in increasing grain production in Jiangxi,but has also positively influenced rice production in neighboring and even more distant provinces through various ways and means such as migration,seed introduction and promotion,creating a worthy entry in the history of Chinese rice farming.The scope of Jiangxizao introduction mainly includes Anhui,Zhejiang,Jiangsu,Hunan,Hubei,Sichuan,Henan,Fujian,Guangdong,Guangxi,Yunnan,Guizhou and other provinces and regions.Where Jiangxizao went,it was not only the input of the variety itself,but also the introduction of related technology,even agricultural production and lifestyle.This paper focuses on the emergence,characteristics,distribution,dissemination and influence of Jiangxizao in different regions,and propose a concept of"technological complex"to provide a perspective for examining agricultural exchanges between different regions.