近代江西人口政策与乡村社会变迁(1851—1941)

Population Policy and Rural Social Change in Modern Jiangxi province(1851-1941)

晚清民国时期,清王朝、民国政府以及中共苏区均在江西地区实施了一系列人口政策,对江西乡村社会发展起到了积极作用。清中后期朝廷募民垦荒、蠲缓赋税、招揽游民学习工艺等政策,使战后社会秩序得以逐渐恢复,并推动了乡村经济的发展;民国政府在江西进行的医疗卫生建设、文化教育建设,对于乡村人口素质的提升起到了重要作用,然而"三保"政策的实行,也给百姓带来了严重困扰;中共苏区在江西乡村地区扶助农工、团结中小商人,提升妇女地位,并加强民众的文化教育,传播革命思想,宣传红色文化,推动了苏区革命和建设的发展。

During the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,the Qing Dynasty,the Government of the Republic of China and the Communist Party of China implemented a series of population policies in Jiangxi,which played a positive role in the rural social development of Jiangxi.In the middle and late Qing Dynasty,the government's policies such as recruiting people to cultivate wasteland,tax exemption,and recruiting vagrants to learn handicrafts gradually restored the postwar social order and promoted the development of rural economy.The construction of medical and health care,culture and education carried out by the government of the Republic of China in Jiangxi played an important role in improving the quality of the rural population,but the implementation of the"San Bao"policy also brought serious troubles to the people.The Communist Party of China helped farmers and workers,united small and medium-sized merchants,promoted the status of women in rural areas of Jiangxi,strengthened the cultural education of the people,spread revolutionary ideas and propagated red culture,which promoted the development of the Soviet revolution.