明末赣、陕两地道地枳壳之兴替与江西“枳种”入川

Rise and Fall of Fructus Aurantii in Jiangxi and Shaanxi in the Late Ming Dynasty and Planting of Jiangxi's Citrus Aurantium in Sichuan

古时枳壳一度以耐寒之枸橘为其主流基原,唐代以后,陕西秦岭商州(今陕西商洛市)出产的酸橙基原枳壳逐渐取代枸橘,成为入贡皇宫、医家首选之道地药材。明代中后期开始,由于天气变冷、政治中心东移等因素,"商州枳壳"道地药材产地由秦岭移转至江西临江府(今江西樟树市、新干县、新余市渝水区、峡江县)。清代中期以来,川枳壳又迅速崛起;此三地酸橙种植看似独自发展,实则通过明末樟树成为高级药市,清江知县刘养志携江西枳种入川事迹相互联系。

In ancient times,cold-resistant Poncirus trifoliate was the main source of Fructus Aurantii.Since the Tang Dynasty,the Fructus Aurantii of Citrus aurantium,which was produced in Shangzhou(now Shangluo city,Shaanxi)of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi,replaced Poncirus trifoliate and became the top choice of Chinese medicinal materials for imperial palaces'tributes and physicians.Since the middle and late of Ming Dynasty,factors such as the cold weather and the eastward shift of the political center made the origin of"Shangzhou Fructus Aurantii"transfer from Qinling Mountains to the Linjiang prefecture of Jiangxi.From the middle of Qing Dynasty,Fructus Aurantii of Sichuan rose sharply.It seemed that the cultivation of Citrus aurantium in those three sites developed independently,but in fact,they were connected with the event that Zhangshu became the center of China's medicinal market in the middle of Ming Dynasty,and the fact that Liu Yangzhi,the magistrate of Qingjiang,transplanted Citrus aurantium from Jiangxi to Sichuan.