明代耕织图诗的俗化与推广——以邝璠《题〈农务女红之图〉竹枝词》为例

Vulgarization and Promotion of Farming and Weaving Graph Poetry in Ming Dynasty:Taking the Scroll Zhuzhi Ci of Kuang Fan as an Example

明邝璠在宋楼璹《耕织图》的基础上更易数事,简化了农桑过程,将其编入日用类书《便民图纂》,题为《农务女红之图》,并将题诗换为"通俗浅白"的竹枝词形式,为后世构建了一个经典的市民耕织图诗蓝本。其版本有三,其中日本内阁文库藏明弘治十五年(1502)刻本的手钞本最符合邝璠创作原貌,并补遗了一首竹枝词,凡32首。《农务女红之图》与竹枝词将图像叙事与文字叙事完美结合,弥补了"图画"语境的空白,有效促进了耕织过程的推广,并重现了传统家庭"男耕女织"的生活模式,反映了统治阶层为维护封建秩序所做出的文化改良与革新,也反映了竹枝词对"文化下移"所做出的贡献。

On the basis of Lou Shu's"Picture of Farming and Weaving",Kuang Fan simplified the process of agriculture and sericulture,and incorporated it into the daily book of Bian Min Tu Zuan,entitled Picture of Agriculture and Needlework.He changed the poem into Zhuzhi Ci which effectively created classic works of farming and weaving.It had three editions,among which the hand-written copy of the fifteenth year of Hongzhi(1502)written by the Japanese Cabinet bureau was the most consistent with the original creation of Kuang Fan,and was supplemented with 32 pieces of Zhuzhi Ci."Picture of Agriculture and Needlework"and Zhuzhi Ci perfectly combined images and text narrative,made up the blank of"picture"context,effectively promoting the process of farming and weaving,and reproducing the traditional family life mode of"men tilling and women weaving".It reflects the cultural improvement and innovation made by the ruling class to maintain the feudal order,and also shows the contribution of Zhuzhi Ci to"cultural downward shift".