高强度冶炼闪速炉优化设计对策

Optimized design countermeasures for high-intensity smelting flash furnace

近些年侧吹炉工艺的发展对闪速炉构成了较大的竞争压力,闪速炉亟需从低反应塔热负荷、低投料量的冶炼炉发展成为反应塔热强度在2 000 MJ/m^(3)h以上、投料量在230 t/h以上的高强度冶炼设备。本文从设计角度对强化闪速炉冶炼能力进行了优化改进,具体包括以下几方面:适当增加反应塔净高,以适应高投料量的需要;反应塔筒体采用锯齿形水套+耐火砖结构,以适应烟气的剧烈冲刷;增加沉淀池内宽和净高,保证烟气流速设计在6 m/s以下,减缓高温烟气的冲刷及烟尘发生率;沉淀池气流区采用锯齿形铜水套+耐火砖结构;上升烟道背风面也应设置水平水套;炉顶采用嵌入耐火砖的卧式锯齿形水套结构,防止耐火砖脱落。另外,为确保高强度冶炼状态下的炉体安全,还应考虑炉底温度监控及冷却原件漏水监控。优化改进后的闪速炉可以达到预期的冶炼强度,而且运行平稳、安全可靠。

In recent years,the development of the side-blowing furnace has constituted a great competitive pressure on the flash furnace,which urgently requires the latter to be developed from a smelting furnace with low reactor heat load and low feed capacity into a high intensity smelting equipment with reactor heat intensity above 2 000 MJ/m^(3)h and the feed capacity above 230 t/h.In this paper,the intensified smelting capacity of flash furnace is optimized and improved from a design perspective including the following aspects:increase the net height of reactor to meet the needs of high feeding amount;sawtooth water jacket+refractory brick structure adopted for the reactor cylinder to adapt to the intense erosion of off-gas;increase the internal width and net height of the settling tank,ensure the designed off-gas flow rate below 6 m/s,and slow down the erosion of high temperature off-gas and the dust generation;adopt copper water jacket+refractory brick structure in the gas flow area of settling tank;the leeward side of uptake flue should also be provided with horizontal water jacket;the furnace roof adopts horizontal sawtooth water jacket structure with embedded refractory to prevent the refractory bricks from falling off.In addition,to ensure the safety of the furnace under the condition of high intensity smelting,the monitoring of the furnace bottom temperature and cooling water leakage shall also be considered.The optimized and improved flash furnace can satisfy the expected smelting intensity with stable,safe and reliable operation.