杜甫与道家思想--以杜诗用典为中心

On Du Fu’s Assimilation of Taoist Classics from Allusions in His Poems

杜甫善于用典,杜诗使用《老子》《列子》《庄子》《苻子》四部道家子书的典故约有74个,其中《老子》4个、《列子》8个、《庄子》60个、《苻子》1个。杜甫在诗歌中使用的《庄子》典故逸出了李白用典的范围,表明他喜好《庄子》并非仅受李白影响。杜诗使用大量的道家典故,不仅彰示了杜甫对道家文献的熟稔,对道家思想的认同,也显示出杜诗“沉郁顿挫”之外,对清新自然之美的含蓄追求。

Du Fu is good at using allusions.There are about 74 allusions in his poems from four Taoist books,among which 4 from Laozi,8 from Liezi,60 from Zhuangzi and 1 from Fuzi.The number of allusions from“Zhuangz”used by Du Fu in his poems surpassed that of Li Bai,indicating that his preference for“Zhuangzi”was beyond the influence of Li Bai.The great amount of Taoist allusions in his poems not only demonstrates Du’s familiarity with Taoist literature and recognition of Taoist thought,but also shows his pursuit of fresh and natural beauty beside his usual“depression and frustration”.