美洲大蠊虫粉对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、肌肉抗氧化能力及肉品质的影响

Effects of Periplaneta americana Powder on Growth Performance,Immune Function,Muscle Antioxidant Capacity and Meat Quality of Broilers

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加美洲大蠊虫粉对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、肌肉抗氧化能力及肉品质的影响。选取1日龄健康爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡360只,随机分为6个组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡(公母各占1/2)。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂用1%、2%、3%、4%和5%美洲大蠊虫粉替代基础饲粮中玉米和豆粕的试验饲粮。试验期42 d。结果表明:4%美洲大蠊虫粉添加组肉鸡22~42日龄平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4%和5%添加组42日龄时外周血T淋巴细胞亚群CD_(3)^(+)含量显著高于对照组、1%和2%添加组(P<0.05),4%添加组28和42日龄时血清免疫球蛋白G含量显著高于对照组和1%添加组(P<0.05),3%、4%和5%添加组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和28日龄时血清免疫球蛋白A含量显著高于对照组和1%添加组(P<0.05),3%和4%添加组胸肌45 min亮度值显著低于对照组(P<0.05);当美洲大蠊虫粉的添加水平提高到5%时,肉鸡的生长性能、免疫功能、肌肉抗氧化能力及肉品质指标均呈降低趋势。综合以上指标,肉鸡饲粮中美洲大蠊虫粉的适宜添加水平为4%。

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of Periplaneta americana powder on growth performance,immune function,muscle antioxidant capacity and meat quality of broilers.Three hundred and sixty 1-day-old healthy Arbor Acres(AA)broilers were randomly allotted into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 broilers(males and females in half)per replicate.Broilers in the control group were fed the basal diet,and the others in experimental groups were fed the experimental diets supplemented with 1%,2%,3%,4% and 5% Periplaneta americana powder replacing corn and soybean meal in the basal diet,respectively.The feeding trial lasted for 42 days.The results showed that the average daily gain of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age in 4% Periplaneta americana powder supplemental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),the CD_(3)^(+) content in peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets at 42 days of age in 4% and 5% supplemental groups was significantly higher than that in the control group and 1% and 2%supplemental groups(P<0.05),the immunoglobulin G content in serum at 28 and 42 days of age in 4% supplemental group was significantly higher than that in the control group and 1% supplemental group(P<0.05),the glutathione peroxidase activity and the immunoglobulin A content at 28 days of age in serum in 3%,4%and 5% supplemental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group and 1% supplemental group(P<0.05),and 45 min brightness in breast muscle in 3% and 4% supplemental groups was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).However,the supplemental level of 5% Periplaneta americana powder had the less effective in growth performance,immune function,antioxidant capacity and meat quality of broilers.In conclusion,the optimum supplemental level of Periplaneta americana powder in broiler’s diet is 4%.