饲粮中添加凹凸棒土对荷斯坦犊牛生长性能、腹泻率、血清生化指标和肠道菌群的影响

Effects of Palygorskite Supplementation on Growth Performance,Diarrhea Incidence,Serum Biochemical Indexes and Intestinal Microflora of Holstein Calves

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加凹凸棒土(PAL)对荷斯坦犊牛生长性能、腹泻率、血清生化指标和肠道菌群的影响。选取30头健康、体重相近的初生犊牛,随机分成2组,每组15个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,PAL组饲喂基础饲粮+2 000 mg/kg PAL。试验期63 d。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,PAL组犊牛1~21日龄平均日增重(ADG)和1~21日龄、57~63日龄平均日采食量(ADFI)显著增加(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,PAL组犊牛1~21日龄和57~63日龄粪便评分和腹泻率显著降低(P<0.05)。3) PAL组犊牛21日龄血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)以及56日龄血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和63日龄血清IgA浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,PAL组犊牛21日龄血清白细胞介素-4(IL-4)浓度与63日龄血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著升高(P<0.05),而63日龄血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和丙二醛(MDA)浓度显著降低(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,PAL组犊牛21日龄肠道总菌和63日龄肠道双歧杆菌和芽孢杆菌的数量显著升高(P<0.05),而21和63日龄肠道大肠杆菌的数量显著降低(P <0.05)。以上结果表明,在本试验条件下,饲粮中添加PAL可提高荷斯坦犊牛的ADG(1~21日龄),改善犊牛免疫水平和抗氧化能力,调控肠道菌群,降低腹泻率。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of palygorskite(PAL)supplementation on the growth performance,diarrhea incidence,serum biochemical indexes and intestinal microflora of Holstein calves.Thirty newborn calves with similar body weight were randomly assigned 2 groups with 15 replicates per group and 1 calve per replicate.Calves in control group were fed a basal diet,while those in PAL group were fed the basal diet+2 000 mg/kg PAL.The experiment lasted for 63 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,PAL supplementation significantly increased the average daily gain(ADG)of calves from 1 to 21 days of age(P < 0.05),and significantly increased the average daily feed intake(ADFI)of calves from 1 to 21 days of age and 57 to 63 days of age(P<0.05).2)Compared with the control group,calves in the PAL group had significantly lower diarrhea incidence and fecal score from 1 to 21 days of age and 57 to 63 days of age(P < 0.05).3)The concentrations of immunoglobulin A(IgA),immunoglobulin M(IgM)in serum of calves at 21 days of age,the concentration of immunoglobulin G(IgG)in serum of calves at 56 days of age,and the concentration of IgA in serum of calves at 63 days of age in the PAL group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).4)Compared with the control group,calves in the PAL group had significantly higher serum interleukin-4(IL-4)concentration of calves at 21 days of age and serum glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)of calves at 63 days of age(P<0.05),but had significantly lower serum interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)and malondialdehyde(MDA)concentrations of calves at 63 days of age(P<0.05).5)Compared with the control group,the counts of intestinal total bacterial of calves at 21 days of age and Bifidobacterium and Bacillus of calves at 63 days of age in the PAL group were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the count of intestinal E.coli of calves at 21 and 63 days of age was significantly decreased(P<0.05).In summary,under this experimental condition,PLA supplementation can improve the ADG(1 to 21 days of age),enhance the immune status and antioxidant capacity,modify the intestinal microflora and reduce the diarrhea incidence of Holstein calves.