饲粮不同非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维对高原型育肥藏羊生长性能、瘤胃发酵及微生物多样性的影响

Effects of Dietary Different Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate/Neutral Detergent Fiber on Growth Performance,Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Diversity of Plateau-Type Fattening Tibetan Sheep

本试验旨在研究饲粮不同非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维(NFC/NDF)对高原型育肥藏羊生长发育、瘤胃发酵及微生物多样性的影响。选取3月龄健康、体重[(22.14±0.02) kg]相近的高原型藏羊母羔210只,随机分为7组,每组30只。各组分别饲喂NFC/NDF为2.86(Ⅰ组)、2.69(Ⅱ组)、2.42(Ⅲ组)、2.06(Ⅳ组)、1.88(Ⅴ组)、1.63(Ⅵ组)和1.43(Ⅶ组)的试验饲粮。预试期10 d,正试期90 d。试验结束后,测定各组试验羊的终末体重、平均日增重和平均日采食量。此外,每组随机选择3只试验羊屠宰并采集瘤胃液,测定其挥发性脂肪酸含量以及微生物菌落组成。结果表明:1)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组终末体重显著高于Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组(P <0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ组平均日增重显著高于Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组(P<0.05)。2)Ⅰ、Ⅱ组瘤胃内氨态氮含量显著高于Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组瘤胃内乙酸含量显著低于Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组(P<0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ组瘤胃内丙酸含量显著高于Ⅶ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组瘤胃内丁酸含量显著高于Ⅶ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组瘤胃内总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。3)真菌方面,Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ组瘤胃内丛赤壳科(Nectriaceae)、隔孢伏革菌科(Peniophoraceae)和毛球壳科(Lasiosphaeriaceae)相对丰度显著低于Ⅱ组(P <0.05),Ⅴ组瘤胃内曲霉科(Aspergillaceae)和黏毛菌科(Myxotrichaceae)相对丰度显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组瘤胃内蜡壳耳科(Sebacinaceae)相对丰度显著高于其余各组(P<0.05)。4)细菌方面,Ⅴ、Ⅶ组瘤胃内奎因菌属(Quinella)相对丰度显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05),Ⅵ组瘤胃内克里斯滕菌科_R-7_群(Christensenellaceae_R-7_group)相对丰度显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),Ⅴ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ组瘤胃内瘤胃球菌科_NK4A214_群(Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group)相对丰度显著高于其他各组(P <0.05),Ⅲ组瘤胃内普雷沃菌属_1(Prevotella_1)相对丰度显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),Ⅶ组瘤胃内毛螺菌科_NK3A20_群(Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group)相对丰度显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组瘤胃内鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)相对丰度显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮NFC/NDF对高原型育肥藏羊生长发育、瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸含量以及微生物多样性有一定影响,当饲粮NFC/NDF为2.69时,不仅能够促进高原型育肥藏羊生长发育,同时也能够促进瘤胃发酵并提高微生物多样性。

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary different non-fibrous carbohydrate/neutral detergent fiber(NFC/NDF)on growth performance,rumen fermentation and microbial diversity of plateau-type fattening Tibetan sheep.A total of 210 healthy 3-month-old Tibetan female lambs with similar body weight[(22.14±0.02)kg]were randomly divided into 7 groups with 30 lambs per group.Lambs in 7 groups were fed experimental diets with NFC/NDF of 2.86(groupⅠ),2.69(groupⅡ),2.42(groupⅢ),2.06(groupⅣ),1.88(groupⅤ),1.63(groupⅥ)and 1.43(groupⅦ),respectively.The pre-experimental period lasted for 10 days,and the experimental period lasted for 90 days.At the end of the experiment,the final body weight,average daily gain and average daily feed intake of each group were determined.Additionally,three individuals from each group were slaughtered and collected the rumen fluid,the volatile fatty acid content and microbial colony composition were detected.The results showed as follows:1)the final body weight of groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳwas significantly higher than that of groupsⅤ,Ⅵ and Ⅶ (P<0.05),and the average daily gain of groupsⅠandⅡ was significantly higher than that of groupsⅣ,Ⅴ,ⅥandⅦ(P<0.05).2)The rumen ammoniacal nitrogen content of groupsⅠandⅡ was significantly higher than that of groupsⅤ,Ⅵand Ⅶ (P<0.05),the rumen acetate content of groupⅠwas significantly lower than that of groupsⅤ,Ⅵ and Ⅶ (P<0.05),the rumen propionate content of groupsⅠandⅡ was significantly higher than that of groupⅦ (P<0.05),the rumen butyrate of groupⅢ was significantly higher than that of groupⅦ(P<0.05),and the rumen total volatile fatty acids(TVFA)of groupⅡwas significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05).3)For the fungi,the relative abundances of Nectriaceae,Peniophoraceae and Lasiosphaeriaceae in rumen of groupsⅣ,Ⅴ,ⅥandⅦ were significantly lower than that of groupⅡ (P<0.05),the relative abundances of Aspergillaceae and Myxotrichaceae in rumen of groupⅤwere significantly higher than that of groupsⅡ and Ⅲ (P<0.05),and the rumen Sebacinaceae relative abundance of groupⅢ was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05).4)For the bacteria,the rumen Quinella relative abundance of groupsⅤ and Ⅶ was significantly higher than that of groupsⅠand Ⅱ (P<0.05),the rumen Christensenellaceae_R-7_group relative abundance of groupⅥ was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05),the rumen Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group relative abundance of groupsⅤ,Ⅵ andⅦ was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05),the rumen Prevotella_1 relative abundance of groupⅢwas significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05),the rumen Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group relative abundance of groupⅦ was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05),and the rumen Sphingomonas relative abundance of groupsⅤ,Ⅵ andⅦ was significantly lower than that of groupsⅠand Ⅱ (P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary NFC/NDF has a certain effect on growth and development,rumen volatile fatty acid content and microbial diversity of plateau-type fattening Tibetan sheep.When dietary NFC/NDF is 2.69,it can not only promote growth and development of plateau-type fattening Tibetan sheep,but also promote rumen fermentation and improve microbial diversity.