湘南骑田岭南坡环境地球化学特征研究

The Environmental Geochemical Characteristics of the South Slope of Qitianling Mountain, Southern Hunan Province

南岭以有色、稀有、稀土等矿产资源十分丰富而闻名于世,其中骑田岭是南岭山系的五岭之一,一直是研究花岗岩与成矿的热点地区,但有关该区环境地球化学调查研究工作则相对薄弱。本文通过对骑田岭南坡上部仰天湖高山草场、中上部芙蓉洞禾花鱼养殖基地及中下部白腊水锡矿区的地表水、土壤地球化学特征分析,初步认为仰天湖高山草场和芙蓉洞地区水质良好,土壤没有重金属污染,有利于旅游开发和特色水产养殖;白腊水锡矿区局部土壤受到采矿活动污染,主要污染物为砷(As)、镉(Cd)等,强度较高但范围有限,矿区水体污染物主要为汞(Hg)、氟化物(F-)、砷(As)等,下游相关污染衰减快,锡矿开采活动对环境影响范围不大,总体可控。

The Nanling Mountains is well-known worldwide for its rich nonferrous metal,rare metal and REE mineral resources.The Qitianling mountain,as one of the Five Ridges in the Nanling Mountains,has long been a concerned area for granite petrogenesis and mineralization.However,the investigation of en-vironmental geochemistry in this area is relatively weak.Based on geochemical studies on the surface wa-ter and soil distributed in the Yangtianhu meadow(upper part),the Furongdong Hehua carp breeding base(upper-middle part)and the Bailashui Sn deposit(lower part)of the south slope of Qitianling Mountain,the authors proposed that both the Yangtianhu meadow and the Furongdong area has good quality of the surface water,and their soils therein had not been polluted by heavy metals,suitable for tourism development and characteristic aquaculture.The local soil of Bailashui Sn deposit was polluted with high intensity but limited range by mining activities,their main pollutants are arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),etc.;the pollutants in surface water of Bailashui Sn deposit include mainly Hg,fluoride(F-)and As,etc.,but the related pollution in the downstream attenuated rapidly.It is concluded that the impact of tin mining activities on the environment at the South Slope of Qitianling Mountain is small and generally controllable.