3J. R. Poynter, Society and Pauperism ---- English Ideas on Poor Relief, 1795 -1834, London: Roufledge & Kegan Paul. 1969. p. 29.
4Peter Mathias, The First Industrial National, An Economic His- tory of Britain, 1700 - 1914, London: Methuen &Co. Ltd, 1969, p. 365.
5Kenneth O. Morgan, The Oxford Illustrated History of Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984, p. 481.
6J. Hampden Jackson, England since the Industrial Revolution, 1815 - 1948, London:Greenwood Press, 1975, p. 76.
7Harold Perkin, The Origins of Modem English Society, 1780 - 1880, London:Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1969, p. 420.
8Carl Chinn, Poverty amidst Prosperity, the Urban Poor in the England, 1834 - 1917, Manchester : Manchester university Press, 1995, p. 14. ,p. 110, p. 113, p. 114, p. 114, p. 29.
9John Edward Morgan, The Danger of the Deterioration of Race from the Too Rapid Increase of Great Cities,first published 1866, New York, 1985 edn, pp2 -9.
10Pat Thane: The Foundations of the Welfare State,2nd Edition, London and New York, Longman, 1979, p. 12.
