水稻MAPK级联的功能和作用机制

Function and Mechanism of MAPK Cascades in Rice

促分裂原活化的蛋白质激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)级联是广泛存在于真核生物中的高度保守的信号转导途径。MAPK级联由MAPKKK(MEKK)、MAPKK(MEK或MKK)和MAPK三种蛋白质激酶组成。当细胞应答发育信号或者环境胁迫时,MAPK级联组分通过依次磷酸化被顺序激活,通过活化的MAPK磷酸化靶蛋白质,改变靶蛋白质的活性,将信号传递下去。MAPK级联在真核生物信号转导过程中发挥至关重要的作用,通过以复杂的信号传递网络形式整合多种外源和内源信号,涉及生长、发育、分化和应激等过程。已有研究显示,MAPK级联参与了植物生长发育、生物和非生物胁迫应答以及激素信号转导等过程。近年来,随着基因编辑技术、蛋白质相互作用技术以及磷酸化分析等技术的发展,水稻MAPK级联的鉴定和功能研究取得较大进展。本文概述了水稻MAPK级联的组成和分类,重点综述了水稻MAPK级联在粒型、粒数和休眠控制中的作用,以及在水稻基础免疫、稻瘟病、白叶枯病等生物胁迫中,低温、干旱、盐胁迫和创伤等非生物胁迫响应中的功能,讨论了MAPK级联和植物激素信号关系的研究现状,并就MAPK级联研究的前景和存在的主要问题进行了展望和分析,旨在为水稻MAPK级联的研究提供参考。

The mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) cascades are highly conserved signal transduction pathways,which widely exist in eukaryotes.The MAPK cascade is composed of three categories protein kinases,MAPKKK(MEKK),MAPKK(MEK or MKK) and MAPK.When cells respond to developmental signals or environmental stresses,the components of the MAPK cascade are activated through sequential phosphorylation.The activated MAPK phosphorylates the target proteins,changes the activities of target proteins and then relay the signal.The MAPK cascade plays a vital role in the signal transduction process in eukaryotes.By integrating a variety of exogenous and endogenous signals in the form of complex signal transmission network,MAPK cascades are involved in the process of plant growth and development,biotic and abiotic stress responses,and hormone signal transduction.In recent years,with the development of gene editing technology,protein-protein interaction techniques and kinase assays,the identification and functional research of rice MAPK cascades have achieved great progress.The review summarizes the composition and classification of rice MAPK cascades,focuses on the role of rice MAPK cascades in the grain shape,grain number and dormancy,as well as rice basic immunity,rice blast,bacterial leaf blight stresses,and its functions in response to abiotic stresses such as low temperature,drought,salt stress and wounding.The progress on the relationship between MAPK cascades and plant hormones signaling is also discussed.Finally,the prospects and main problems of MAPK cascade research are prospected.This review will provide a reference for the research of rice MAPK cascades.