技能提升的收入拉动效应研究——基于不同技能提升路径的分析

Research on Income Pulling Effect of Skill Upgrading:Analysis Based on Different Paths to Skill Improvement

“用工荒”成为我国制造业发展的一个瓶颈,这一问题体现了企业与劳动者在劳动技能与收入报酬上的认识错位。随着产业结构的优化升级,企业的用工结构已经发生颠覆性变化,提升技能成为企业人才困局的破解之道。以人力资本理论构建实践路径下的计量分析模型,利用调查数据测算技能提升的收入拉动效应,基于实践路径系统解析技能提升的收入增长促进作用。研究结果显示:多数技能提升路径能够促进收入增长,专业能力的形成与提高是企业认可技能价值的主要标准。开展技能提升过程中,要发挥企业的主体作用,采取“因岗而异”的路径安排,利用国有企业开展通用技能培训,大力培养复合型人才。

Labor shortage" has become a bottleneck in the development of China’s manufacturing industry, which reflects the dislocation of understanding between enterprises and workers in terms of labor skills, income and salary. With the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, the employment structure in enterprises has had significant changes.Improving skills is the way to solve the issue of talent shortages in enterprises. The econometric analysis model under the practice path is constructed based on the human capital theory, the income growth pulling effect of skill improvement is calculated by using the survey data, and systematically analyzes the income growth promoting effect of skill improvement based on the practice path. The results show that most of the skill improvement paths can promote income growth, and the formation and improvement of professional ability is the main criterion measure of skill values f recognized by enterprises. In the process of skill upgrading, we should give full play to the main role of enterprises, adopt the path to "different arrangements based on different job positions", carry out general skill training in state-owned enterprises, and vigorously cultivate compound talents.