大洲尺度下旅游流空间网络结构及其影响因素

Spatial Network Structure and Influencing Factors of Tourism Flow at the Continental Scale

旅游流空间网络研究很少涉及大洲尺度下的案例研究,也因此对大洲尺度下旅游流的影响因素分析较为薄弱。欧洲是世界最重要的国际旅游客源地和目的地之一,本文以欧洲为案例研究区,利用社会网络分析法揭示了欧洲国家间旅游流空间网络结构特征,并基于回归分析方法初步识别了国家间旅游流的影响因素。结果表明:在取旅游流量算术平均值为切分值来构建二分矩阵的情景下,欧洲国家间旅游流空间网络整体密度较低,旅游网络发育不完善;德国、法国、意大利、西班牙这四个国家在空间网络中处于核心位置,具有较强的旅游流集散功能;整体旅游流空间网络存在明显的核心-边缘空间分异格局,其中核心节点与边缘节点之间联系度较低。从国家间旅游流影响因素来看,客源国的经济发展水平以及目的地国的世界遗产资源、旅游业优先发展竞争力具有显著影响,符合旅游流运动的“推-拉”机制。从多尺度视角来看,不同尺度旅游流的空间网络结构及其动力机制具有近似性。

The research on the spatial network of tourism flow rarely involves the case study on the continental scale,so the analysis of the influencing factors of inter-country tourism flow on the continental scale is relatively weak.Europe is one of the most important international tourist sources and destinations in the world.Taking Europe as a case study area,this paper reveals the spatial network structure characteristics of tourism flow between the European countries by using the social network analysis method,and preliminarily identifies the influencing factors of tourism flow between the countries based on the regression analysis method.The results show that under the scenario of taking the arithmetic average value of tourism flow as the segmentation value to construct the dichotomy matrix,the overall density of tourism flow spatial network among the European countries is low and the development of tourism network is imperfect.Germany,France,Italy and Spain are at the core of the space network and have a strong function of tourism flow agglomeration and distribution.The overall tourism flow network has an obvious core and periphery spatial differentiation pattern,in which the connection degree between the core nodes and the edge nodes is low.From the perspective of the influencing factors of inter-country tourism flow,the economic development level of the source country,the world heritage resources and the priority development competitiveness of the destination have a significant impact,which is in line with the“push-pull”mechanism of tourism flow movement.Therefore,from a multi-scale perspective,the spatial network structure and dynamic mechanism of tourism flow at different scales are similar.