国土空间规划的自然要素评价与集成:进展与展望

Evaluation and Integration of Natural Elements in Territorial Spatial Planning:Progress and Prospect

在生态文明建设和“多规合一”背景下,自然要素在国土空间规划中的基础性地位不断增强,对其科学评价成为支撑国土空间规划编制的重要基础。自然要素类型多样、分析视角多元、评估方法复杂,在综合评价和集成分析方面存在诸多难点。该研究以自然要素为对象、以综合评价和集成为目标,在充分分析自然要素内涵和类型的基础上,提出从资源、生态、环境、灾害4个属性对水文、土壤、气候、生物、矿产、地形、地质等自然要素进行归类的思路。进而基于4个属性,对指标选择和评价方法进行了总结和归纳,从主体功能区划、资源环境承载能力以及国土空间的“双评价”3个角度对自然要素评价的集成过程进行了论述。最后在总结当前存在问题的基础上,通过集成要素、空间和规划3个方面提出了国土空间规划中开展自然要素分析和评价的主要思路以及未来规划和研究需要重点关注的方面。最后指出,针对国土空间规划中的自然要素评价存在指标与方法适用性不足、概念混杂、统筹分析偏弱、动态性和弹性不足的问题,需要进一步强化自然要素的基础性地位和底线约束作用,从灾害、生态、环境和资源4个维度进行指标择定、评价分析和综合集成,并加强数据可获取性、评价方法适用性、集成过程系统性等方面的研究。

Under the background of ecological civilization construction and“multi-plan integration”,the basic conditions of natural elements in territorial spatial planning has been strengthened,and their scientific evaluation is important to support the making of territorial spatial plan.It is a challenge to carry out comprehensive and integrated evaluation due to the various types of natural elements,multiple analytical perspectives,and complex evaluation methods.Taking natural elements as the research object and their comprehensive evaluation as the target,we developed an approach to classify the seven types of natural elements,i.e.,hydrology,soil,climate,biology,minerals,terrain and geology from four attributes,i.e.,resources,ecology,environment and disaster.The approach is based on the comprehensive analysis of the concept and types of natural elements.We then summarized the selection of indicators and evaluation methods,and revealed the main ideas of comprehensive analysis and integrated evaluation based on four attributes.It discussed the integrated evaluation of natural elements from the perspective of the major function oriented zoning,resources and environment carrying capacity and“double evaluation”of territorial space.Finally,on the basis of summarizing the existing problems,this paper put forward the main ideas of natural element analysis and evaluation in territorial spatial planning and the concerns in future planning and research through the integration of elements,space and planning.It is proposed that there are some problems in the evaluation of natural elements in territorial spatial planning,such as insufficient applicability of indicators and methods,confused concepts,poor comprehensive analysis,lack of dynamics and elasticity.In the future,the evaluation of natural elements in territorial spatial planning should further strengthen their fundamental role and strict constrains.Indicator selection,evaluation analysis and comprehensive integration should be carried out from the four dimensions of disaster,ecology,environment and resources and it also needs to strengthen the research on data availability,applicability of evaluation methods,and system of integration process.