文化自信视域下毛泽东与苏区文化研究

A Study of Mao Zedong and the Culture of Soviet Areas:from the Perspective of Cultural Confidence

毛泽东等中国共产党人领导创建的苏区文化是新的工农的苏维埃文化,是彻底地反对帝国主义、封建主义和官僚资本主义的革命文化。其革命性体现在对文化的大“破”大“立”上。“破”的是几千年的封建旧礼教、旧道德、旧思想、旧文化,以及帝国主义殖民文化、资产阶级腐朽文化和“全盘西化”论调等;“立”的是马克思主义的先进文化、中国共产党领导创造的革命文化和以爱国主义为核心的民族精神。具体来说,是确立和坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位,以共产主义精神来教育广大劳动民众,解除反动统治阶级加于工农群众精神上的桎梏,清除各种非无产阶级思想,发挥新旧知识分子的作用。苏区文化在文化教育、新闻出版、公共文化服务体系、群众文化、工农大众文艺、公共卫生、体育运动、廉政文化等事业建设中开创了新局面。苏区文化批判地继承了民族文化遗产,孕育了伟大的革命精神,有力回击了文化迷茫与自卑,对近代中国的自信丢失和文化自卑,是一次精神反拨和文化重建,为新民主主义文化最终形成奠定了坚实基础,在重振民族文化自信中发挥了重要作用。

The culture of soviet areas created under the leadership of Mao Zedong and other Chinese communists was a new soviet culture of workers and peasants,and a revolutionary culture thoroughly opposing imperialism and feudalism.Its revolutionary nature is embodied in the refutation and exhortation of cultures.Refutation refers to the refusal of the old ethical codes,old morals,old ideas and old culture of feudalism,as well as the imperialist colonial culture,the bourgeois decadent culture and the argument of“total Westernization”.Exhortation refers to the advocation of advanced Marxist culture,revolutionary culture created under the leadership of the CPC and the national spirit with patriotism at its core.Specifically,it is to establish and uphold the guiding position of Marxism in the field of ideology,to educate the broad masses of the working people with the spirit of communism,to remove the shackles imposed by the reactionary ruling class on the spirit of the masses of workers and peasants,to eliminate all kinds of non-proletarian ideas,and to bring into play the role of the old and new intellectuals.The culture of soviet areas created a new situation in the construction of culture and education,press and publication,public cultural service system,mass culture,literature and art of workers and peasants,public health,sports and clean government culture.The culture of soviet areas critically inherited the heritage of national culture,gave birth to the great revolutionary spirit,and relieved the cultural confusion and inferiority,thus being a spiritual return and cultural reconstruction against the confidence loss and cultural interiority in early modern China,laying a solid foundation for the forming of the new-democratic culture,and playing an important role in revitalizing the cultural confidence of the nation.