牙髓再生支架材料的研究进展

Research progress on various dental pulp regeneration scaffolds

牙髓再生是一种治疗年轻恒牙牙髓感染或坏死的新技术。该方法能促进未发育完全的牙齿根尖孔闭合,使根管壁增厚且牙根增长。为提高牙髓再生的成功率,需有合适的支架提供三维空间位置定位并调节干细胞的分化、增殖或代谢。支架是牙髓再生的关键因素,目前已发现多种支架有应用于牙髓再生的潜力,它们来自生物提取或人工合成,各有优势。生物提取支架主要包括血凝块、富血小板血浆、富血小板纤维蛋白、多糖、胶原、丝、脱细胞细胞外基质等,人工合成支架主要包括聚合物、生物陶瓷及复合支架。本文对上述多种牙髓再生支架材料的性能和应用前景方面的进展作一综述。

Pulp regeneration is a new treatment approach for pulp inflammation or necrosis of young permanent teeth and induces apical foramen closure,root canal wall thickening,and root length increase.To improve the success rate of dental pulp regeneration,suitable scaffolds are fundamental to provide proper three-dimensional space and regulate stem cell differentiation,proliferation,and metabolism.At present,many studies have shown that a variety of scaffolds have potential for pulp regeneration.These scaffolds originate from biological extraction or artificial synthesis,and each has its own advantages.Biological extraction scaffolds mainly include blood clot,platelet rich plasma,platelet rich fibrin,polysaccharides,collagen,silk,acellular extracellular matrix,etc.Synthetic scaffolds mainly include polymers,bioceramics and composite scaffolds.In this review,we searched the literature on dental pulp regeneration in the past fifteen years and summarized the research progress on the performance and application prospects of above-mentioned various dental pulp regeneration scaffolds.