某地区学龄前儿童龋病及牙龈炎患病分析和影响因素研究

Study on the Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Dental Caries and Gingivitis in Preschool Children in a Certain Area

目的分析某地区学龄前儿童龋病及牙龈炎患病情况及其影响因素。方法回顾性分析2019年3月-2021年4月萍乡市人民医院口腔科621例学龄前儿童龋齿和牙龈炎临床资料,观察不同性别、年龄、籍贯、牙菌斑情况、喂养方式、睡前甜点食用情况、含氟牙膏使用情况、家长指导刷牙情况下的学龄前儿童龋齿和牙龈炎的发生率,分析龋齿、牙龈炎发病的影响因素。结果不同性别儿童龋齿和牙龈炎的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);单因素分析显示,不同年龄、籍贯、牙菌斑组、喂养方式、睡前甜点、刷牙频率、含氟牙膏使用情况、家长指导刷牙情况下的学龄前儿童龋齿和牙龈炎的发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、牙菌斑、睡前甜点是龋齿的影响因素;牙菌斑、睡前甜点、家长指导刷牙是牙龈炎的影响因素。结论本次样本中学龄前儿童普遍口腔卫生较差,牙菌斑问题需高度重视;龋齿患病率高,牙龈炎患病率略低于龋齿;这两种牙病有低龄趋向,龋齿主要发生在下颌左侧乳中切牙、右侧乳中切牙、右侧第一乳磨牙、右侧第二乳磨牙;另外,年龄、牙菌斑、睡前甜点是龋齿的影响因素;牙菌斑、睡前甜点、家长指导刷牙是牙龈炎的影响因素。

Objective To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of dental caries and gingivitis in preschool children in a certain area.Methods The clinical data of 621 preschool children with dental caries and gingivitis in the Department of Stomatology,Pingxiang People's Hospital from March 2019 to April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The incidence of dental caries and gingivitis in preschool children of different genders,ages,places of origin,dental plaque status,feeding patterns,consumption of dessert before bedtime,use of fluoride toothpaste,and parents'guidance to brush teeth were observed,and the influencing factors of dental caries and gingivitis were analyzed.Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of dental caries and gingivitis between different genders(P>0.05).Single factor analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the incidence of caries and gingivitis among preschool children with different ages,origins,dental plaque groups,feeding methods,pre-sleep desserts,toothbrush frequency,use of fluoride toothpaste,and parental guidance in toothbrush(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age,dental plaque and dessert before sleep were the influencing factors of dental caries.Dental plaque,pre-sleep dessert and parents'guidance to brush teeth were the influencing factors of gingivitis.Conclusion This sample of pre-middle school children generally has poor oral hygiene,and the problem of dental plaque needs to be paid attention to;the prevalence of dental caries is high,and the prevalence of gingivitis is slightly lower than dental caries;these two dental diseases tend to be younger,and dental caries mainly occur in the left mandibular central incisor,right central incisor,right first deciduous molar,and right second deciduous molar.In addition,age,dental plaque and pre-sleep dessert are the influencing factors of dental caries;dental plaque,pre-sleep dessert and parents'guidance to brush teeth were the influencing factors of gingivitis.