民用飞机短舱复合材料结构雷电直接效应试验验证方法及漆层厚度影响研究

The test and verification method of lightning direct effect on civil aircraft nacelle composite structure and the effect study of paint thickness

随着飞机设计的发展,复合材料广泛应用于民用飞机短舱结构。由于碳纤维复合材料结构的导电性以及抗雷电损伤能力比铝合金结构差,复合材料短舱结构雷电防护能力已成为影响飞机飞行安全的一项关键问题。依据相关适航条款和相应的国际标准,阐述了民用飞机短舱复合材料雷电防护试验验证方法,并依据验证方法对漆层厚度的损伤影响进行了试验研究。短舱常规蒙皮构型的复合材料试验件,在不同漆层厚度下的雷电防护试验结果表明,漆层较薄时,漆层对短舱复合材料的雷电直接效应防护能力无明显的影响;当漆层厚度达到一定厚度时,较厚的漆层将显著降低短舱复合材料的雷电直接效应防护能力,最严重时将造成复合材料蒙皮的击穿,损伤蒙皮内部系统设备,从而危害飞行安全。试验结果与理论的机理分析具有良好的一致性,对民用飞机短舱复合材料结构的雷电防护设计提供了指导方向和参考意义。

With the development of civil aviation, composite materials are widely used in civil aircraft nacelle design. Due to the electrical conductivity and lightning damage resistance of carbon fiber composites are not as good as aluminium structure, the lightning protection capability of the nacelle composite structure has become a key problem affecting the flight safety of aircraft. In this paper, according to the airworthiness regulations and the corresponding international standards, the testing verification method of composite material lightning protection for civil aircraft nacelle was described, and the damage effect of paint thickness was studied. The lightning test results of composite test specimens which represent the conventional configuration of the nacelle skin with different paint thickness show that when the paint thickness is relative thin, the paint layer has no obvious effect on the lightning protection ability;when the paint reaches a certain thickness, the thicker paint layer will significantly reduce the lightning protection ability, and in the most serious condition, it will cause the penetration of the composite skin and damage the inner system, which will cause flight safety hazard. The experimental results are well consistent with the theoretical analysis, which provides guidance and reference for the lightning protection design of composite structure of civil aircraft nacelle.