航空发动机排气污染物控制与适航符合性研究

Study on control of exhaust pollutants and airworthiness compliance of Aeroengine

基于民用航空活动对环境排放污染占比快速增长的现状,结合民用航空领域排放物相关政策的历史沿革和背景,展望了发动机排放物政策的发展趋势,研究表明由于NO;危害较大且很难控制,国际民航组织(简称ICAO)和美国联邦航空局(简称FAA)对NO;的要求日趋严格,而对HC、CO和烟的排放要求基本没有变化。同时介绍了低污染燃烧技术发展概况,分析了排气污染物的生成机理和主要影响因素以及改善措施,基于污染物生成机理及控制原理阐述了富油和贫油燃烧的污染排放控制方法。最后对飞机排放适航符合性验证方法进行了介绍,提出了基于发动机台架试验的LTO循环中气态排放污染物和烟尘的测量程序和计算分析方法,该测量程序和计算分析方法能较准确地评估航空发动机运行过程中的排气污染物水平,可以推广应用到航空发动机和大型燃气轮机的排放评估和预测。

Based on the rapid growth of the environmental emissions caused by civil aviation activities combined with the background and history of the policies related to engine emissions, this paper looks forward to the development trend of the engine emissions policy. The research shows that the requirements of NO;in ICAO and FAA are becoming more stringent due to the greater harm and difficult control of NO;, while the emission requirements for HC, CO and smoke have remained basically unchanged. At the same time, the development of low-pollution combustion technology was introduced, the generation mechanism of exhaust pollutants, main influencing factors and improvement measures were analyzed, and the emission control methods of oil-rich and oil-poor combustion were expounded based on the pollutant generation and control principles. Finally, the verification method of aircraft emission airworthiness was introduced. The measurement procedure and calculation analysis method of gaseous emission pollutant and fume emission in LTO cycle based on engine bench test were proposed. The measurement program and calculation analysis method can accurately evaluate the level of exhaust pollutants of aero-engines during operation and can be applied to the emission assessment and prediction of aero-engines and large gas turbines.