恩格斯对英国“济贫法”的批判及其当代价值意蕴

Engels'Critique of the Poor Law in Britain and Its Contemporary Value Implication

恩格斯超越古典政治经济学和空想社会主义关于贫困问题的经验主义研究范式,从无产阶级立场出发全面剖析“济贫法”的社会基础和历史前提,揭示“济贫法”遮蔽了资本剥夺劳动的本质,捍卫了底层劳动者的根本利益。恩格斯将“济贫法”体系下的贫困问题置于特定的社会阶级结构和制度框架加以考量,对以私有制和雇佣劳动为核心的现代资本主义所有制关系给予深刻批判。恩格斯对英国“济贫法”的批判构成当代资本主义批判的重要思想资源,深入研究恩格斯对英国“济贫法”本质的揭示与批判,有助于辨识当代资本主义新变化及其剥夺本质,澄清新自由主义与全球贫困的内在关联,可为当代中国社会主义市场经济改革和深化反贫困社会治理提供以劳动者为本位的发展思路与价值导向。

Engels transcended the empirical research paradigm of classical political economy and utopian socialism on poverty,comprehensively analyzed the social basis and historical premise of the Poor Law from the proletarian position,revealed the essence of capital deprivation of labor covered by the Poor Law,and defended the fundamental interests of the workers in the bottom of society.Engels put the problem of poverty under the Poor Law system into a specific social class structure and institutional framework,and deeply criticized the modern capitalist ownership relationship with private ownership and wage labor as the core elements.Engels'criticism of the British Poor Law constitutes an important ideological resource for contemporary criticism of capitalism.An in-depth study of Engels'revelation and criticism of the essence of the Poor Law will help to identify the new changes of contemporary capitalism and its deprivation essence,to clarify the internal relationship between neoliberalism and global poverty,and to provide labor-oriented development ideas and value orientation for the reform of contemporary Chinese socialist market economy and the deepening of anti-poverty social governance.