“跳过”和“放弃”使决策表现更好

Skipping and Giving Up Lead to Better Decision Performance

为探究个体在决策过程中的哪个阶段有更好的决策表现,改进经典爱荷华博弈任务(Iowa Gambling Task,IGT),发展出变式IGT。实验一、二主要用于确认变式IGT是否能实现经典IGT的功能,是否能分离决策过程,以及关于四副牌的知识对任务表现的影响;实验三是基于上述实验结果的程序优化,以提高被试的时间敏感性,进一步验证实验一、二的结果。结果显示,变式IGT实现了经典IGT的基本功能,并且能够实现对IGT决策过程的分离,能更精确地识别出进入概念水平的时程。健康成年被试进入概念水平的时间是在200个试次之后,比经典IGT的80次更迟。结果表明,拥有四副牌知识的多少不影响被试的任务表现,而“跳过”和“放弃”不利选项会使决策表现更好。

Three experiments were conducted to explore which stages within the decision process make decision performance better by developing a modified Iowa Gambling Task(IGT).Experiment 1 and 2 were mainly used to confirm whether the modified IGT realized the function of the classical IGT,whether the decision process could be separated,and the influence of knowledge about four decks of cards on task performance.Experiment 3 is an improvement upon Experiment 1 and Experiment 2.The results show that the modified IGT can realize the basic function of the classical IGT and the separation of the IGT decision process and can identify the more accurate time of reaching the conceptual level.Healthy adults reached the conceptual level after 200 trials(starting at the sixth block),much later than the after-80-trials for the classic IGT.This study indicates that the knowledge of four decks of cards did not affect participants' performance on the task but learning to skip and give up adverse options made participants' decision performance better.