从刘禹锡《海阳十咏》看地方公共园林书写的诗文之异

The Difference Between Poetic and Prose Writing about Local Public Gardens:A Study of Liu Yuxi's Ten Poems on the Haiyang Lake

刘禹锡在连州担任刺史期间,将元结所创置的海阳湖景观增修完善。这一行为不是修建私人园林别业,而是营造地方公共园林。刘禹锡重视公共园林阜俗康民、净虑养德的政治美学意义,他的有关思考主要体现在散文创作中;其吟咏海阳湖景观的诗歌唱和之作《海阳十咏》,则延续了唐代别业诗的幽隐之旨和郡斋诗的吏隐情趣,并未表达他对公共园林政治美学意义的思考。元结、柳宗元与刘禹锡颇为类似,其有关公共园林的书写,呈现明显的诗文之别:散文积极表现公共园林的政治美学价值,而诗歌则固守传统园林别业诗与郡斋诗的超逸幽独之趣。这种独特的现象,对于理解中国山水园林文学独特的创作机制很有意义。

Liu Yuxi,as the provincial governor of Lian Zhou,continued the construction of the Haiyang Lake landscape which was started by his predecessor Yuan Jie.What was built was a local public garden,not a private garden.Liu Yuxi attached great importance to the political role of public garden in making the local people happy and the governor morally upgraded.He expressed in his prose the understanding of the political importance of public gardens,while his poetic writing about the Haiyang Lake was full of the reclusive mood,which was characteristic of the Tang poems written in reclusion and in the officials' spare time.There was no political thinking about the local public gardens in these poems.Yuan Jie and Liu Zongyuan were the same as Liu Yuxi in this regard.There was an obvious difference between their poetic writing and prose writing about local public gardens.The prose writing focused on the local public garden's political role,while the poetic writing focused on the reclusive mood.This phenomenon helps to understand the writing principles of Chinese landscape poetry.